1st LLE

Question 1

The process whereby calcium and bile salts are removed from the specimen

Answer 1

Decalcification

Question 2

These specimens contain some amount of calcium that will interfere with the evaluation and examination of histological sections

Answer 2

Tuberculous lungs and teeth

Question 3

Most widely used agent for routine decalcification because they are stable, readily available, and inexpensive

Answer 3

Acids

Question 4

This is inferior compared to nitric acid and its role as decalcifying agent because of its slower action and greater distortion of the tissue

Answer 4

Hydrochloric acid

Question 5

Substance which combine with calcium ions to form complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salts

Answer 5

Chelating agents

Question 6

Very expensive although the most ideal, most sensitive, and most reliable method of determining the extent of decalcification due to its ability to detect even the smallest focus of calcium

Answer 6

Radiological method

Question 7

Done by touching or bending with the fingers to determine the consistency of tissues

Answer 7

Mechanical test

Question 8

Involves the detection of calcium and acid solutions by precipitation of insoluble calcium hydroxide or calcium oxalate

Answer 8

Chemical method

Question 9

A process whereby positively charged calcium ions are attracted to a negative electrode and subsequently removed from the decalcifying solution

Answer 9

Electrical ionization and Electrophoresis

Question 10

A very weak decalcifying solution suitable only for minute pieces of bone

Answer 10

Sulfurous acid

Question 11

Cause allergic reactions in a substantial proportion of exposed subjects not just in hypersensitive individuals

Answer 11

Sensitizers

Question 12

Substance that can induce tumors not only in experimental animals but also humans

Answer 12

Carcinogen

Question 13

Capable of causing death by ingestion, skin contact, or inflammation at certain specified concentrations

Answer 13

Toxic materials

Question 14

Chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site where living tissue especially with the skin, eyes, and respiratory passages

Answer 14

Irritants

Question 15

A contrast-enhancing technique that improves quality of the image obtained with a birefringent material then compared to other techniques

Answer 15

Polarized light microscopy

Question 16

Refers to any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate image

Answer 16

Fluorescence microscope

Question 17

An optical microscopy illumination technique in which a small phase of light passing through a transparent specimen is converted into amplitude or contrast phase images

Answer 17

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 18

Used to observe the unstained and transparent samples causing them to be clearly visible and appears brightly lit against a dark, almost purely black background

Answer 18

Dark-field microscopy

Question 19

Used in compound microscope where light is either passed through or reflected off the specimen.

Answer 19

Bright field microscope

Question 20

Yellow colored can be neutralized by this reagent and then thoroughly washed with running tap water

Answer 20

5% sodium sulfate

Question 21

An environmental toxin that is highly corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. It is also carcinogenic

Answer 21

Chromic acid

Question 22

Recommended concentration for the aqueous nitric acid solution

Answer 22

5-10%

Question 23

Other term for Flemming’s fluid

Answer 23

Chromic acid

Question 24

Most common chelating agent with a commercial name Versene

Answer 24

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Question 25

In what pH will EDTA not bind to the calcium?

Answer 25

Below pH of 3

Question 26

This hastens decalcification by removing calcium ions from formic acid containing decalcifying solutions thereby increasing solubility of the tissue

Answer 26

Ion exchange resins

Question 27

This fresh examination tissue removes not only cells but also a small amount of the surrounding tissue which provides additional information to assist in the examination of the lesion

Answer 27

Core needle biopsy

Question 28

Recommended for routine post mortem tissues

Answer 28

Formol-sublimate

Question 29

Involves the use of a circular blade that is rotated down through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous fat yielding 3-4mm cylindrical core of tissue sample

Answer 29

Punch biopsy

Question 30

Permits the movement of stage while holding the slide in the phase of focus

Answer 30

Stage

Question 31

Process of submitting an already fixed tissue for further fixation

Answer 31

Secondary fixation

Question 32

Eyes are not easily penetrated due to tough sclera

Answer 32

Formol alcohol

Question 33

Used to fix touch preparations

Answer 33

Isopropanol