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Question 1

Jean Piaget

Answer 1

Focused on HOW people think. Not WHAT they think.

Changes occur as children try to make sense of their experiences.

Question 2

Jean Piaget (4 stages)

Answer 2

Sensorimotor stage
Pre-Operational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

Question 3

Vygotsky (Lev)

Answer 3

Saw child as part of social world filled with communication with self and others.
{Private speech: speak out loud. a) self-direction. b) social and useful. c) social-private-inner.}

Question 4

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 4

Developed the strange situation test: A systematic way to identify infants attachment styles. In a laboratory a procedure of reactions to separations of infants and mothers. Here researchers code the emotional and physical reactions to mom’s departure and return.

Question 5

Thomas and Chess

Answer 5

Identified 3 temperament styles:
Easy- Are adaptable and relaxed

Difficult- Are fussy and easily frustrated

Slow-to-warm-up- Are disturbed by new stimuli but adjust to them.

The remaining don’t fit in these categories- behavioral inhibition ‘scardy cat’ risk for shyness and anxiety later on.

Question 6

Kohlberg

Answer 6

Moral Development: the reasoning process used to decide what is right or wrong.
Develops in three stages:
Preconventional- a focus on punishment nd reward.
Conventional- a focus on societal values approves and disapproves
Postconventional- a focus on internal moral principles that transcend society fundamental human rights and values. what’s wrong and contradicts.

Question 7

what are the 3 key issues in the study of developmental psychology?

Answer 7

? the three different methods of studying developmental psychology (longitudinal, cross-sectional, and longtudunal.

Question 8

Attachment styles

Answer 8

Secure- The infant reacts to moms departure by becoming upset but greets her upon return with joy.

Avoidant- The infant reacts to moms departure with indifference and shows little reaction on her return.

Ambivalent- The infant reacts to moms departure with panic, then shows a mixed emotional reaction on her return, simultaneously reaching for her yet squirming to get away after being picked up.

Disorganized- This rare style pattern child reacts to moms departure and return with an inconsistent and confused set of response’s, they may appear dazed when reunited with her.