7 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Attitudes.
A belief is a conclusion regarding factual evidence, an attitude is a belief that includes an emotional component. Evaluating a person, object, or idea.
Attitudes con’t
3 components:
Affective- emotional reaction
Cognitive- thoughts and beliefs
Behavioral- actions (observable)
Strongly influence our social thought and strongly affect our behavior.
Self-monitoring
A trait that assesses the extent to which people’s behaviors reflect their true feelings and attitudes.
High self- monitors (Chameleons)
Low self-monitors (Straight shooters)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
We alter our attitudes because we experience and unpleasant state of tension (CD)- between two or more conflicting thoughts (cognitions). We dislike this state so were motivated to reduce or eliminate it. We can reduce the conflict between two cognitions (beliefs) in multiple ways;
Change cognition A
Change cognition B or
Introduce a new cognition C (resolves the conflict)
Induced Compliance.
Situations in which individuals are somehow induced to say or do things inconsistent with their attitudes. (forced compliance)
Post decision dissonance.
Dissonance felt after you make a decision. ‘ you will like what u bought more than the others’
Persuasion
Central Route- evaluate the merits of persuasive arguments carefully and thoughtfully. We focus on the informational content of the argument.
Peripheral Route- respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of snap judgements. We focus on the surface aspects of the argument.
Persuasion con’t
Depends on:
Communicator- good looking, trustworthy, sincere
Message- Both sides of argument. Arouses emotions
Audience- younger less educated, moderate self-esteem.
Compliance Techniques.
to induce attitude change by direct request of some sort. Foot in door door in face ask and u shall be given low balling modelling Incentives
Prejudice.
Negative pre-judgement of something unfavorable conclusions without evaluating the evidence. Usually people (group).
Stereotypes.
is a belief positive or negative about a group’s characteristics that we apply to most members of that group.
Explicit.
In group heterogeneity (we know individuals are different)
Implicit
Out group heterogeneity (we think the are all the same)
In goup Bias
We favor individuals within a group over those from outside our group.
Ultimate Attribution Error.
Assumptions that behaviors among individuals, members of a group are due to their internal disposition, due to illusionary correlation erroneous associations between a minority group and a given characteristic.
Scapegoat Hypothesis.
Prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes, it can also be competition over scarce resources.
Just World Hypothesis.
Implies that many of us have a deep seated need to perceive the world as fair- to believe that all things happen for a reason.
Contact Hypothesis.
Become educated about ‘others’ spend time with people.
Xeno-phobia
Fear of the unknown.
Explicit Prejudice
which we are aware (conscious)
Implicit Prejudice
which we are unaware (unconscious)
