2. Body systems Flashcards by Natalia N

musculoskeletal system - organs

cartilage
ligaments
bones
tendons
muscles

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musculoskeletal system - function

to support the body,
to maintain body posture,
to protect organs,
to produce movement

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circulatory system - organs

capillaries
arteries
veins
heart
blood

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circulatory system - function

to transport nutrients around the body

to supply cells with oxygen

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respiratory system - organs

alveoli
lungs
airways

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respiratory system - function

to obtain oxygen from the air

to remove carbon dioxide from the body

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digestive system - organs

mouth,
oesophagus
stomach
intestines

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digestive system - function

to ingest food

to digest it and absord nutrients

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nervous system - organs

neurons
brain
spinal cord

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nervous system - function

to coordinate the activity of the other body systems

to adapt the body to the environment

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urinary system - organs

kidneys
urethra
urinary bladder
ureters

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urinary system - function

to excrete the waste products of metabolism in the form of urine

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reproductive system - organs

uterus
fallopian tubes
ovaries
testicles
scrotum

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reproductive system - function

to enable humans to have offspring

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endocrine system - organs

glands (adrenals, gonads)

hormones

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endocrine system - function

to control various body fuctions

to maintain homeostasis

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integumentary system - organs

dermis - skóra właściwa
sebaceous glands - gruczoły łojowe
epidermis - naskórek
hair
hypodermis - tkanka podskórna

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integumentary system - function

to cover and protect the body

to regulate temperature

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jajowód

fallopian tube

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jądro

testicle

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moszna

scrotum

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gruczoły łojowe

sebaceous glands

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potomstwo

offspirng

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mówienie o funkcji danego systemu

the function is to
the system is concerned with/ is involved in /respionsible for
the functions of the system include

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kubki smakowe

taste buds

4 smaki

sweet sour = kwaśny salty bitter = gorzki

średnia długość życia

average lifespan

pokonać odległość

cover a distance

codziennie

on the daily basis

maturity

= dojrzałość | a state or quality of being fully grown or developed

fluctuate (from... to...)

to be continually changing or varying in an irregular way = oscillate = wahać się, oscylować

embranchment

= rozgałęzienie, odgałęzienie | a branching out, as of a mountain range or river

krwinka

corpuscle

= krwinka a protoplasmic particle or cell with a special function; esp., any of the erythrocytes or leukocytes that float in the blood, lymph, etc. of vertebrates

rozróżniać

distinguish

kość udowa

= femur | one of the largesr and strongest bones in the body, extending from hip joint down to knee joint

pęcherzyk jajnikowy

= follicle

pleminik

spermatozoon | pl spermatozoa

ovum

= komórka jajowa the basic unit of female reproductive biology, each of which is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary

kosmek jelitowy

villus | pl villi

średnica

diameter

przekraczać

exceed | overrun

obciążenie osiowe

axial load

aparat słuchowy (też ten fizjologiczny)

hearing-aid

wywierać nacisk

exert

villi

increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients

postrzeganie

perception

pęcherzyk płucny

air vesicle | alveolus (pl alveoli)

komórka jajowa

ovum

składać się na coś, tworzyć

make up

mocować

fix | attach

rozgałęziać się

branch out

pasmo włosów, kosmyk

strand of hair

skóra na głowie

scalp

groin

= inguinal region

private parts

= genitals; down there; privates

armpit

= axilla = pacha

penis

= wee wee, willie, pecker (wulgarnie)

fanny

= female genitals (wulgarnie)

backbone

= vertebral column

uterus

= womb, baby box

belly button

= umbilicus, navel

hip

= coxa

rectum

= back passage

intestines

= guts, insides

bottom

= buttocks, nates (medical), hind

tummy

= abdomen

urinary system

= waterworks

chest

= thorax

wrist

= carpus

lower jaw

= mandible

foot

= tootsy

nose

= hooter

ear

= lughole

oesophagus

= gullet

teeth

= choppers

eyes

= peepers

lungs

= bellows

small finger

= picky

anus

= pooper

cubitus

= elbow, funny bone

heart

= ticker

opary

vapours

parts of examination

1. general inspection 2. palpation 3. percussion 4. auscultation

drżenie

trembling

napotkać

encounter

stłumiony wypuk

dullness, dull sound

tarcie

rubbing sound

szmer

murmur

opukiwać

percuss | tap

pozycja na plecach, leżąca

supine

pozycja na brzuchu

prone

pozycja łokciowo-kolanowa

knee-chest position

pozycja na boku, do per rectum

Sims' (posterior view)

pozycja do litotomii (na plecach z rozszerzonymi nogami) = pozycja Trendelenburga

dorsal recumbent | lithotomy

pozycja kucająca

squatting

zapinać na guziki =/= rozpiąć

button up =/= unbutton

zawiązać

tie up

podwinąć rękaw

roll up sleeve

zasznurować

lace up

zapiąć na zamek =/= rozpiąć

zip up =/= unzip

podwinąć nogawkę

roll up one leg

gastrointestinal system

= alimentary system

groin

= the hollow at the junction of the inner part of each thigh with the trunk

powłoki ciała

integumentary system

cartilage

= a flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the human body including the joints between bones, the rib cage, ear, nose, elbow, knee, ankle, bronchial tubes and intervertebral discs

rozpiąć pasek

unfasten a belt

powiększenie

enlargement

skurcz

contraction

struny głosowe

vocal cords

skrzep krwi

blood clot

pęknięty

ruptured

gruczoły

glands

nadnercza

adrenals

uzyskać

obtain

wydmuchiwać

rush out

bulgotać/ gulgotać

gurgle

pojawić się/wynikać

emerge

różnić się

vary in

unikalny

unique

kręgowce

vertebrates

uderzyć/trafić do wyobraźni

strike the imagination

łopatka

shoulder-blade

łuk odruchowy

reflex arc

ślina

saliva

ropny

purulent

benzyna

gasoline

przejść/ ulegać

undergo

drażniący/ zgrzytliwy

grating

tarcie

rubbing

dudnienie

rumbling

ocena/ oszacowanie

appraisal

opukiwanie

percussion

deformacje

deformities

pulsujące miejsca

throbbing areas

przepytywać pacjenta

clerk the patient

pochylić się w dół

lean downwards

przechylić głowę

tilt head

przewrócić na plecy

roll on to the back

opierać się o ścianę

lean against a wall

zacisnąć pięść

clench a fist

rozluźnić nadgarstki

let the wrists go floppy

zapiąć/ dopiąć =/= rozpiąć

do up =/= do down | fasten =/= unfasten

przydatki

appendages

podatny na

susceptible to

lędźwie

loin

usuwanie/wywózka

disposal

połączenie/ złącze

junction

zaniedbany

scruffy

zapinać na klamrę ( pasek)

buckle

włożyć/ wkładać

slip on

rozpinać/ odwiązywać

undo

pulsować

throb

zawiąż sznurowadła

tie up shoelaces