2 - Canine & Feline Dentistry Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
How many deciduous teeth do dogs have and what is the formula?
A
28;
3-1-3-0/3-1-3-0
2
Q
How many permanent teeth do dogs have and what is the formula?
A
42;
3-1-4-2/3-1-4-3
3
Q
When do deciduous and permanent incisors erupt in the dog?
A
Deciduous = 3-4 weeks
Permanent = 3-5 months
4
Q
When do deciduous and permanent canines erupt in the dog?
A
Deciduous = 3 weeks
Permanent = 4-6 months
5
Q
When do deciduous and permanent premolars erupt in the dog?
A
Deciduous = 2-12 weeks
Permanent = 4-6 months
6
Q
When do permanent molars erupt in the dog?
A
5-7 months
7
Q
Up to how long can all permanent teeth take to erupt in the dog?
A
up to a year
8
Q
How many roots do the incisors of the dog have?
A
1
9
Q
How many roots do the canines of the dog have?
A
1
10
Q
How many roots do the maxillary 1st PMs of the dog have?
A
1
11
Q
How many roots do the maxillary 2nd PMs of the dog have?
A
2
12
Q
How many roots do the maxillary 3rd PMs of the dog have?
A
2
13
Q
How many roots do the maxillary 4th PMs of the dog have?
A
3
14
Q
How many roots do the mandibular 1st PMs of the dog have?
A
1
15
Q
How many roots do the mandibular 2nd, 3rd, and 4th PMs of the dog have?
A
2
16
Q
How many roots do the mandibular 1st and 2nd molars of the dog have?
A
2
17
Q
How many roots do the mandibular 3rd molars of the dog have?
A
1
18
Q
How many roots do the maxillary 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars of the dog have?
A
3
19
Q
How many deciduous teeth do cats have and what is the formula?
A
26;
3-1-3-0/3-1-2-0
20
Q
How many permanent teeth do cats have and what is the formula?
A
30;
3-1-3-1/3-1-2-1
21
Q
What teeth do cats never have?
A
No 1st PMs on maxilla or mandible;
No 2nd PMs on the mandible
22
Q
When do deciduous and permanent incisors erupt in the cat?
A
Deciduous = 2-3 weeks
Permanent = 3-4 months
23
Q
When do deciduous and permanent canines erupt in the cat?
A
Deciduous = 3-4 weeks
Permanent = 4-5 months
24
Q
When do deciduous and permanent premolars erupt in the cat?
A
Deciduous = 3-6 weeks
Permanent = 4-6 months
25
When do permanent molars erupt in the **cat**?
4-6 months
26
By what age should all molars of the cat be erupted?
6 months
27
How can you age cats based on their weight and dentition?
~1 month per pound and follow with teeth eruption times
EX: 3# kitten that has permanent incisors erupting is ~3 months old
28
How many roots do the incisors of a **cat** have?
1
29
How many roots do the canines of a **cat** have?
1
30
How many roots does the _maxillary_ 2nd PM of the **cat** have?
1-2 (fused)
31
How many roots does the _maxillary_ 3rd PM of the **cat** have?
2
32
How many roots does the _maxillary_ 4th PM of the **cat** have?
3
33
How many roots does the _maxillary_ molar of the **cat** have?
1-3 (fused)
34
How many roots do the _mandibular_ 3rd and 4th PM and molar of the **cat** have?
2
35
What are the 5 points of occlusion?
1. Midline match
2. Incisor overlap
3. Canine interlock
4. Premolar interdigitation
5. Carnassial overlap
36
What is a class 1 malocclusion?
Overall canine and incisor relationship is normal;
Relative jaw length normal and equal;
**1-2 teeth abnormal alignment**
37
What is a class 2 malocclusion?
Maxilla growth more than mandible (maxilla longer than mandible);
Maxillary prognathism/mandibular brachygnathism
38
What is a class 3 malocclusion?
Mandible longer than maxilla;
Maxillary brachygnathism/mandibular prognathism
39
What is a class 4 malocclusion?
Discrepancy between right or left, maxilla or mandible;
Skeletal, rostrocaudal, side-to-side, dorsoventral
40
What are 6 potential complications of malocclusion?
1. Crowding and rotation
2. Attrition and abrasion
3. Uncomplicated crown fractures
4. Complicated crown fractures
5. Periodontal disease
6. Disruption self-cleansing mechanism
41
What dental issues do brachycephalic breeds face?
Dental crowding, tooth rotation, partial eruption, non-erupted
42
What dental issues do mesaticephalic breeds face?
Increased incidence of missing premolars 1 and 4
43
What dental issues do dolichocephalic breeds face?
Elongated jaws, normal scissor bite, abnormally large interdental spacing
44
What two tools are used for periodontal probing?
Explorer and probe
45
What type of assessment does an explorer help with and what can be evaluated?
Tactile assessment;
Cementum, dentin, enamel
46
What type of assessment does a probe help with and what can be evaluated?
Periodontum assessment;
Pocket depth, 6 different areas, irregularities of tooth and gingiva
47
What is the normal probing depth in a dog vs. a cat?
Dog = 1-3 mm
Cat = 0.5-1 mm
48
What is a calculus index of 0?
No observable calculus
49
What is a calculus index of 1?
\<1/3 buccal surface
50
What is a calculus index of 2?
1/3-2/3 buccal surface with subgingival deposition;
More tooth than tartar showing
51
What is a calculus index of 3?
\>2/3 buccal surface, extends subgingivally;
More tartar than tooth showing
52
What is a gingivitis index of 0?
No gingivitis
53
What is a gingivitis index of 1?
Redness, no bleeding on probing
54
What is a gingivitis index of 2?
Redness, swelling, delayed bleeding on probing
55
What is a gingivitis index of 3?
Redness, swelling, bleeding on probing (significant inflammation)
56
What is a furcation?
The "crotch" of a tooth
57
What is FE-1?
Furcation exposure; probe extends less than halfway under the crown in any direction of a multi-rooted tooth with attachment loss
58
What is FE-2?
Moderate furcation exposure; probe extends more than halfway under the crown of a multi-rooted tooth with attachment loss
(But not all the way thru)
59
What is FE-3?
Extensive furcation exposure; probe passes from one side all the way thru
60
What is a mobility index of 0?
Normal physiologic movement
61
What is a mobility index of 1?
Slight toth mobility in any direction;
Tooth moves \<1 mm
62
What is a mobility index of 2?
Moderate tooth mobility in any direction;
Tooth moves ~1 mm
63
What is a mobility index of 3?
Severe tooth mobility in any direction;
Tooth moves \>1 mm and/or may be depressed into alveolus
64
What is intrinsic staining?
Discoloration of teeth (purple, pink, grey)
65
What % of teeth with intrinsic staining are non-vital?
92.2%
66
What are treatments for teeth with intrinsic staining?
1. Root canal
2. Extraction
3. Monitoring if focal area
4. Radiographs of tooth and contralateral tooth
67
What is the treatment for persistent deciduous teeth?
Extraction ASAP +/- orthodontic therapy
68
What is the difference between a complicated crown fracture and an uncomplicated crown fracture?
Complicated = has pulp exposure
Uncomplicated = no pulp exposure
69
What treatments are recommended for a complicated crown fracture?
* Root canal therapy
* Extraction
* Vital pulp therapy (if \<24-48 hours old)
70
What are treatments for an uncomplicated crown fracture?
No treatment if no clinical signs, but can do a restoration for clinical signs of pain
71
How should you confirm if a tooth is truly missing?
Radiographs
72
What is periodontal disease?
Bacterial plaque accumulating on the tooth surface that can cause inflammation potentially to the peridontium
73
How long does it take for plaque to mineralize into tartar?
24 hours
74
What is the host immune response to bacterial plaque/tartar accumulation?
Destruction of the periodontium
75
How many cats and dogs does periodontal disease affect?
70% of cats
80% of dogs
76
What are several things that can be evidence of periodontal disease?
Probing depth, gingival recession, supraeruption, abscessation/suppuration, gingival bleeding, pain and sensitivity, tooth mobility, food impaction, periodontal attachment loss, furcation involvement
77
What is stage 0 of periodontal disease?
Clinically normal
No gingivitis or inflammation
Normal periodontal probing
78
What is stage 1 of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis present
No attachment loss
Normal probing
79
What stage of periodontal disease is reversible and how?
Stage 1; by home care
80
What is stage 2 of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis/periodontal inflammation
\<25% attachment loss
81
What is stage 3 of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis/periodontal inflammation
25-50% attachment loss
82
What is stage 4 of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis/periodontal inflammation
\>50% attachment loss
83
What are 4 general treatments for periodontal disease?
1. Supragingival scaling/polishing, dental xrays
2. Subgingival scaling/root planning
3. Treatment of affected teeth
4. Home care
84
What are 7 indications for extractions?
1. Persistent deciduous teeth
2. Crowding
3. Supernumerary teeth (if problematic)
4. Unerupted teeth
5. Teeth causing malocclusion
6. Non-vital teeth/complicated crown fractures
7. Periodontally compromised
85
What is done to extract multi-rooted teeth?
sectioning
86
What spp experiences tooth resorption and what % of animals?
Cats; 29-67% have at least 1 lesion
87
Prevalence of feline tooth resorption increases with ____ and in _____ cats.
age, purebred
88
What are 7 possible reasons for feline tooth resorption?
1. Progression of periodontal disease
2. Anomalies of tooth structure
3. Trauma to teeth
4. Nutritional
5. Metabolic abnormalities
6. Local, systemic, viral diseases
7. Idiopathic
89
What is type I tooth resorption?
Periodontal ligament present
90
What is type II tooth resorption?
Periodontal ligament absent
91
What is type III tooth resorption?
One root periodontal ligament = present and one root periodonal ligament = absent
92
What is stage I of tooth resorption?
Mild hard tissue loss
93
What is stage 2 of tooth resorption?
Moderate hard tissue loss (goes into dentin)
94
What is stage 3 of tooth resorption?
Severe hard tissue loss extending into pulp
95
What is stage 4a of tooth resorption?
Crown and root affected equally
96
What is stage 4b of tooth resorption?
Crown affected more than root
97
What is stage 4c of tooth resorption?
Root more affected than crown
98
What is stage 5 of tooth resorption?
No recognizable tooth/root structure remains
99
What are clinical signs of tooth resorption?
1. Hyperplastic/hyperemic gingiva
2. Calculus/plaque index
3. Loss of tooth structure
4. Sentinel teeth
100
What are the sentinel teeth and what does it mean if these are missing?
**307, 407** - if these are missing there is a 97% chance there is resorption in other teeth
108, 208
101
What is the treatment for tooth resorption?
Surgical extraction, crown amputation
