Unit 2: 6 - Urogenital 1

Question 1

What is the suspensory ligament?

Answer 1

Attachment coursing to the last 2 ribs from the ovary 9dorsolateral body wall), tough

Question 2

What is the proper ligament?

Answer 2

Attachment between the ovary and the uterine horn

Question 3

What is the round ligament?

Answer 3

Runs from the ovary to the inguinal canal, tough

Question 4

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 4

Thin peritoneal fold

Question 5

Retraction of the _____ and the _____ will expose the ovaries and pedicles on the ____ and _____ side, respectively.

Answer 5

mesocolon, mesoduodenum, left, right

Question 6

The broad ligament can have a significant amount of ____ in dogs.

Answer 6

fat

Question 7

The broad ligament usually has very little fat in _____.

Answer 7

cats

Question 8

What artery is held by the broad ligament?

Answer 8

uterine artery

Question 9

What is a ovariectomy?

Answer 9

Removal of the ovaries only

Question 10

What is a ovariohysterectomy?

Answer 10

Removal of ovaries, uterine horns, part of uternine body

Question 11

What is the main goal of an OHE?

Answer 11

Population control

Question 12

What is the approach to an OHE in dogs?

Answer 12

Just caudal to the umbilicus, in the cranial third of the abdomen

Question 13

What is the approach to an OHE in cats?

Answer 13

Middle third of the caudal abdomen

Question 14

What can happen if any ovarian tissue is left behind?

Answer 14

Ovarian remnant syndrome;

Animal starts going into heat again - tissue is much harder to find than just taking out the first time

Question 15

What is the preferred ligation for the ovarian pedicle?

Answer 15

Miller’s knot + transfixation knot

Question 16

T/F: Ovariectomy results in higher risk for pyometra and neoplasia

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the most common pathogen encountered in a pyometra?

Answer 17

E. coli

Question 18

What is a closed vs. open pyometra?

Answer 18

Closed = closed cervix, no drainage

Open = open cervix, drainage

Question 19

What is the treatment of choice for a pyomoetra?

Answer 19

OHE

Question 20

What is the approach to a C-section?

Answer 20

Ventral midline incision in the uterine body

Question 21

How is a C-section closed?

Answer 21

Appositional pattern (simple cont) followed by inverting pattern (Cushing or Lembert)

Question 22

How can you tell the difference between a vaginal prolapse and a mass?

Answer 22

With a prolapse you should feel the central lumen on digital palpation

Question 23

What is the guaranteed treatment for a vaginal prolapse?

Answer 23

OHE

Question 24

Are vaginal masses most often benign or malignant?

Answer 24

Benign

Question 25

What procedure is indicated for large vaginal masses?

Answer 25

Episiostomy

Question 26

What is an episioplasty used for?

Answer 26

Vulvar fold dermatitis

Question 27

How often are mammary masses malignant in dogs?

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is prior to 1st estrus?

Answer 28

0.5%

Question 29

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is between 1st and 2nd estrus?

Answer 29

8%

Question 30

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is between 2nd estrus and 2.5 years?

Answer 30

26%

Question 31

What is the incidence of mammary masses if OHE is after 2.5 years?

Answer 31

There is no protective effect

Question 32

How often are mammary masses malignant in cats?

Answer 32

90%

Question 33

What is a lumpectomy of a mammary mass?

Answer 33

Removal of part of a mammary gland

Question 34

What is a simple mastectomy?

Answer 34

Excision of entire gland

Question 35

What is a regional mastectomy?

Answer 35

Excision of 2+ adjacent glands (+/- regional LN)

Question 36

What is a unilateral radical mastectomy?

Answer 36

Removal of multiple masses in glands

Question 37

The spermatic cord starts at the \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

inguinal ring

Question 38

What are the components of the spermatic cord?

Answer 38

Testicular artery, pampiniform pelxus, ductus deferens, cremaster muscle

Question 39

The cremaster muscle is an extension of what muscle?

Answer 39

External abdominal oblique

Question 40

What is a closed orchiectomy?

Answer 40

Parietal vaginal tunic is not incised

Question 41

What is an open orchiectomy?

Answer 41

Parietal vaginal tunic is incised (individual ligations)

Question 42

At what age should both testicles be descended?

Answer 42

2 months old

Question 43

What type of cryptochidism is more common?

Answer 43

Unilateral

Question 44

Which testicle is more commonly retained?

Answer 44

right

Question 45

Where would a cryptorchid testicle be?

Answer 45

Anywhere between the original location (caudal to kidney) and scrotum; Can be inguinal or abdominal

Question 46

What structure can feel similar to the retained testicle that we should be not mistake it for?

Answer 46

Inguinal fat pad

Question 47

What is the procedure for a cryptorchid castration?

Answer 47

1. Caudal abdominal incision 2. ID testicle by attachments 3. Double ligate ductus deferens and testicular vasculature 4. Transect ligament of the tail of the epididymis (gubernaculum)

Question 48

What is the most common prostatic disease?

Answer 48

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 49

What are exam and clinical findings for BPH?

Answer 49

Non-painful, bilaterally symmetrical enlargement, may have tenesmus

Question 50

What is the treatment for BPH?

Answer 50

castration

Question 51

What is prostatic abscessation?

Answer 51

Painful, non-symmetrical enlargement, can be life threatening

Question 52

What is treatment for prostatic abscessation?

Answer 52

Debridement and omentalization; Subtotal prostatectomy if recurring dz; Always perform biopsy and culture

Question 53

What are prostatic cysts often associated with?

Answer 53

BPH

Question 54

Prostatic cysts can be continuous with the \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 54

urethral lumen

Question 55

What is the treatment for prostatic cysts?

Answer 55

Castration, surgical drainage of cysts

Question 56

What should you always do diagnostically with prostatic cysts?

Answer 56

Bacterial culture, biopsy, and submit biopsy

Question 57

What are the 2 most common types of prostatic neoplasia?

Answer 57

Carcinoma and TCC

Question 58

What is the long term prognosis for prostatic neoplasia?

Answer 58

poor

Question 59

What is paraphimosis?

Answer 59

Penis protrudes from preputial sheath and cannot be replaced.

Question 60

What is phimosis?

Answer 60

Inability to protrude penis beyond the preputial orifice.