Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Small Animal Surgery > Unit 2: 5 - Musculoskeletal Neoplasia > Flashcards

Unit 2: 5 - Musculoskeletal Neoplasia Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a primary bone tumor?

A

Arises from bone itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a secondary bone tumor?

A

It is metastatic to the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common primary bone tumor in dogs?

A

Osteosarcoma (85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What age dogs get osteosarcoma?

A

There is a subset of juveniles that get it (18-24 months)

But the majority are 7-10 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What breeds predominantly have osteosarcoma?

A

Large and giant breeds;

It is rare in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the prevalence of osteosarcoma in the appendicular, axial, and extraskeletal locations in the dog?

A

Appendicular (75%) > Axial (25%) > Extraskeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What specific locations is osteosarcoma most commonly found in in dogs?

A

Distal radius and proximal humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where on the bone does osteosarcoma prefer in dogs?

A

Metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does it mean when we say that osteosarcoma is monostotic?

A

It is limited to one bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Generally, we can say that osteosarcoma in dogs likes to be _____ from the elbow and _____ the knee.

A

away, towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Other than the distal radius and proximal humerus, what are 2 other locations where osteosarcoma can be found in dogs?

A

Distal femur, proximal tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Osteosarc is highly metastatic in dogs.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

>90% of osteosarc metastasis is to the _____ in dogs.

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteosarc is the most _____ bone neoplasm in cats, but it is still _____ overall.

A

common, rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prevalence of appendicular vs. axial osteosarc in cats?

A

Appendicular (50-60%) > Axial (40-45%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the metastatic rate of osteosarc in cats?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the prognosis for osteosarc in cats?

A

Prolonged survival with amputation alone (>64 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which location in cats has a worse prognosis for osteosarc?

A

axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common location for a chondrosarcome?

A

tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 2 differentials for secondary bone neoplasia?

A
  1. Multiple myeloma
  2. Carcinomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What neoplasms are polyostotic and what does this mean?

A

Joint neoplasms;

Can be involved with more than 1 bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 common joint neoplasms?

A
  1. Synovial cell sarcoma
  2. Histiocytic sarcoma
  3. Synovial myxoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do synovial cell sarcomas like to grow and what breeds are prone to these?

A

Elbow and stifle;

Golden Retrievers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the metastatic rate for histiocytic sarcomas?

What breeds are prone to getting them?

A

High;

Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What breed is prone to synovial myxomas?
Dobermans
26
What changes on a chemistry would be negative prognostic indicators with a bone neoplasm?
Elevated ALP and monocytosis
27
What is osteolysis?
Breakdown or dissolution of bone due to injury or disease
28
What 6 bone conditions can have osteolysis?
1. Neoplasia 2. Fungal osteomyelitis (Blastomycosis) 3. Bacterial osteomyelitis 4. Bone cysts 5. Avascular necrosis 6. Hypertrophic osteopathy
29
Obtaining a diagnosis for a bone tumor is often times \_\_\_\_\_.
presumptive
30
What diagnostics are done to confirm a bone tumor?
1. FNA with cytology 2. Biopsy 3. +/- tissue culture/susceptibility
31
How often are FNAs diagnostic for bone tumors?
85%
32
How accurate are FNAs for a bone tumor, and how is this increased?
70%, higher with ultrasound guidance
33
What are the types of biopsies that can be taken for a bone tumor?
Closed (jamshidi or Michele trephine) Open
34
Where do you want to obtain a bone biopsy from in relation to the tumor?
At the center of the lesion
35
How does chemo affect survival time for a bone tumor?
Prolongs it
36
What is the minimum margin for bone tumor removal?
Minimum 3 cm
37
What is amputation?
Removal of an appendage or part of an appendage
38
What are 6 indications for amputation?
1. Neoplasia 2. Trauma 3. Congenital malformation 4. Peripheral nerve trauma 5. Intractable infection 6. Ischemic necrosis
39
What are 2 types of intractable infections that can indicate that an amputation is needed?
Gangrene, orthopedic
40
What are 3 types of ischemic necrosis that can indicate that an amputation is needed?
Frostbite, burns, trauma
41
What are 4 contraindications for amputation?
1. Ortho exam shows no need 2. Neuro exam shows no need 3. BCS 4. Owner preference
42
T/F: Body size (i.e. giant breeds) are a contraindication for amputation.
False; May just be slower to adapt but can recover just fine
43
What are the 3 types of thoracic limb amputations? Which is the only one that should realistically be performed and what is the difference?
1. **Forequarter** - takes scapula --\> ONLY ONE THAT SHOULD BE DONE 2. Shoulder disarticulation 3. Mid-humeral
44
Where should the incision for a forequarter amputation be made?
Incision along spine of scapula, around proximal brachium
45
What should be submitted if a forequarter amputation is being removed due to a tumor?
Axillary and prescapular LNs
46
What is a partial scapulectomy?
Preserves acromion
47
What is a subtotal scapulectomy?
Preserves glenoid/shoulder joint
48
What is a total scapulectomy?
All of the scapula is removed
49
What is an ulnectomy?
Removal of only part of the una
50
What are the 2 types of pelvic limb amputations? Which is the only one that should be performed?
1. **Coxofemoral disarticulation** --\> remove at hip joint --\> ONLY DO THIS ONE 2. Mid-femoral
51
What is the approach for a coxofemoral disarticulation?
Incision flank fold to ischiatic tuberosity, semicircular, curving mid-femur laterally
52
What should be removed and submitted if a coxofemoral disarticulation is done due to a tumor?
Popliteal LNs
53
What is an acetabulectomy?
En bloc resection of the acetabulum with the limb
54
When doing a hemipelvectomy, a partial (up to 1/3) _____ can also be done.
sacrectomy
55
What are 5 indications for a digit amputation?
1. Neoplasia 2. Self-mutilation 3. Trauma 4. Deep infection/migrating FB 5. Congenital
56
What are the tumor types that can occur in the digits of a dog and what is their relative frequency?
SCC \> Melanoma \> OSA, MCT, STS
57
What are the tumor types that can occur in the digits of cats and what are their relative frequencies?
SCC \> FSA \> adenocarcinoma \> OSA, HSA \> MCT
58
What is lung digit syndrome?
If you find a digit tumor in cats, chest rads are indicated because cats more commonly have a primary lung tumor with secondary metastasis to the digits than the other way around.
59
What are the weight-bearing digits?
3 and 4
60
What is a partial foot amputation?
Removal of 2 adjacent digits en bloc with or without MC or MT bones
61
What are the 4 declaw techniques?
1. Scalpel (#11 or #15) 2. Guillotine 3. Laser 4. Deep digital flexor tenectomy

Small Animal Surgery (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions