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2A Nutrition in Dentistry Midterms > 2: Digestion, Absorbtion, & Metabolism > Flashcards

2: Digestion, Absorbtion, & Metabolism Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

➢ The process by which foods are broken down into their nutrients

A

Digestion

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2
Q

✓ Chewing of food

A

Mechanical Digestion

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3
Q

✓ Churning actions of the stomach

A

Mechanical Digestion

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4
Q

✓ Peristalsis

A

Mechanical Digestion

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5
Q

✓ rhythmic contraction of the intestines

A

Peristalsis

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6
Q

✓ the movements break the food in smaller particles and mix the food with the digestive juices

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

✓ continuously moves the food mass into the intestines

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

✓ The action of enzymes as they break the food into simpler forms so it can be absorbed by the body enzymes

A

Chemical Digestion

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9
Q

➢ are substances that can cause chemical changes or breakdown of food

A

enzymes

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10
Q

➢ Specific in action; can act only on a certain food stop

A

enzymes

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11
Q

______ - vitamins and minerals produced by the body needed by the enzymes to actbody’s

A

Co-enzyme

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12
Q

✓ The process of absorbing nutrients into the body’s circulation for use.

A

Absorption

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13
Q

✓ involves all the chemical processes that take place in the body to
convert nutrients into energy or building blocks for cells and tissues.
It ultimately determines how the body uses the nutrients obtained from food.

A

Metabolism

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14
Q

Major Structures of the Digestive System:

A

LIVER
STOMACH
PANCREAS
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM

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15
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Chewing begins the mechanical breakdown of food.

A

Mouth

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16
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Beginning chemical breakdown and digestion of carbohydrates.

A

Mouth

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17
Q

______ are the only nutrients “digested” in the mouth.

A

Carbohydrates

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18
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Churning action for mechanical breakdown of food.

A

Stomach

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19
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Limited chemical breakdown of proteins and fats.

A

Stomach

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20
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Further chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

A

Small Intestine

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21
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Absorption of most nutrients including vitamins and minerals.

A

Small Intestine

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22
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Absorption of additional vitamins.

A

Large Intestine

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23
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Absorption of water.

A

Large Intestine

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24
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Discharge of waste materials.

A

Large Intestine

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25
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Carbohydrates Location: ______
Salivary amylase Mouth
26
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Proteins Location: Gastric juice in stomach
Protease
27
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Milk casein Location: ______
Rennin Gastric juice in stomach
28
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Emulsified fats Location: ______
Lipase Gastric juice in stomach
29
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Proteins Location: Pancreatic juice in small intestine
Trypsin
30
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Fats Location: ______
Lipase Pancreatic juice in small intestine
31
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Starch Location: ______
Amylase Pancreatic juice in small intestine
32
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Proteins Location: Intestinal juice in small intestine
Peptidases
33
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Sucrose Location: ______
Sucrase Intestinal juice in small intestine
34
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Maltose Location: ______
Maltase Intestinal juice in small intestine
35
Digestive Enzymes Enzyme: ______ Acts Upon: Lactose Location: ______
Lactase Intestinal juice in small intestine
36
Digestive Changes in the Mouth MECHANICAL DIGESTION ▪ ______/______ - breaks the food into smaller pieces
Mastication, chewing
37
Digestive Changes in the Mouth MECHANICAL DIGESTION ▪ ______ - the process of mixing food with the saliva
Insalivation
38
Digestive Changes in the Mouth CHEMICAL DIGESTION ______ - Enzymes found in the saliva
Salivary amylase
39
Digestive Changes in the Mouth CHEMICAL DIGESTION ______ - Acts only on carbohydrates
Salivary amylase
40
Digestive Changes in the Mouth CHEMICAL DIGESTION ______ - Breaks complex carbohydrates into simple sugar
Salivary amylase
41
______ - Constantly flushes the mouth to clear food debris that may act as food supply in plaque
Saliva
42
______ - It reduces Ph (acidity) of the waste products produced by plaque. This limits the damage caused by acid attacks on tooth surfaces
Saliva
43
______ is the source of systemic fluorides and minerals needed for remineralization of damaged dental enamel
Saliva
44
When there is not an adequate supply of saliva because of illness, drugs, or radiation therapy, the decay rate ______ rapidly.
increases
45
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ • serves as a temporary storehouse of food.
Stomach
46
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ • brings out partial digestion of protein
Stomach
47
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ • prepares food for further digestion in the small intestine
Stomach
48
Digestive Changes in the Stomach Mechanical Digestion • Food is continually churned and mixed with gastric juices until it reaches a liquid consistency known as ______
chyme
49
Digestive Changes in the Stomach Mechanical Digestion • Gastic juices contain ______
hydrochloric acid
50
Digestive Changes in the Stomach Mechanical Digestion • ______ (protease, rennin, lipase and other substances)
Enzymes
51
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ - It swells the protein so they can easily be attacked by enzymes
Hydrochloric Acid
52
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ - It provides the acid medium necessary for the action of pepsin
Hydrochloric Acid
53
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ - It increases the solubility of calcium and iron salts so they are absorbed more readily
Hydrochloric Acid
54
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ - It reduces the activity of harmful bacterial that may have been present in the food
Hydrochloric Acid
55
Digestive Changes in the Stomach The enzyme ______ acts upon protein by splitting them into smaller molecules
pepsin
56
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ acts on casein (found in milk) and breaks it down to ______
Renin, calcium caseinate
57
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ acts on emulsified fats such as cream and egg yolks
Lipase
58
Digestive Changes in the Stomach ______ - it changes fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipase
59
Digestive Changes in the Stomach Complete digestion of fats is in the ______
small intestines
60
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines Chemical Digestion ______ • Essential for fat digestion
Bile
61
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines Chemical Digestion Bile is Manufactured in the ______, stored in the ______, and released directly into the ______
liver, gall bladder, small intestines
62
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines Chemical Digestion ______ is the process of breaking down the bile into tiny globules to have greater contact with fat molecules
Emulsification
63
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ • secreted by the pancreas
Pancreatic Juices
64
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines Pancreatic Juices are released directly into the ______
small intestines
65
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines Pancreatic Juices Contain ______
enzymes
66
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ – acts on protein by breaking it down and some amino acids
Trypsin
67
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ - completes the digestion of fats
Lipase
68
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ – breaks carbohydrates down into maltose
Amylase
69
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ - produced in the intestines, contains additional protein and sugar-splitting enzymes
Intestinal Juices
70
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ - complete the breakdown of proteins into amino acids
Peptidases
71
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ - change the sucrose into glucose
Sucrase
72
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ - acts on maltose molecule to yield glucose
Maltase
73
Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines ______ - breaks lactose into the simple sugars glucose and galactose
Lactase
74
The function of the large Intestines ______ is essentially completed
Digestion
75
The function of the large Intestines Bacteria synthesize ______ and some of the vitamins of the ______ group.
Vit K, B-Complex
76
The function of the large Intestines ______, ______, ______ and the ______ group are absorbed in the large intestines
Electrolytes, water, Vit K, B-complex
77
The function of the large Intestines Gradually intestinal contents take on ______ consistency
solid
78
The function of the large Intestines ______ contain fibers of food, a small amount of undigested, bile salts, cholesterol, mucus, bacteria, and broken down cellular waste
Feces
79
The function of the large Intestines Also eliminated are 20-70% of ingested ______, 80-85 % of ingested ______, and a considerable Amount of ______
calcium, iron, phosphates
80
______ - Takes place after digestion in the small intestines
Absorption
81
Absorption Carbohydrates to ______ (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Monosaccharides
82
Absorption Fats to ______ and ______
Fatty acids, glycerides
83
Absorption Proteins to ______
Amino acids
84
Absorption Vitamins & ______
minerals
85
When ______ is impaired, the body cannot properly utilize the nutrients that were eaten.
absorption
86
______ - maintain balance between the building and breaking of tissue
Homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium
87
______ is a term that describes all the changes that take place in the body
Metabolism
88
______ - It is the processes that that are concerned with the use of nutrients absorbed into the blood following digestion
Metabolism
89
______ is the speed and the efficiency of the body to convert the food into useful nutrients
Metabolic Rate
90
______ – concerned with the conversion of the simple compounds derived from nutrients into substances that the body cells can use/e.g. formation of new bone
Anabolism
91
______ involves the breaking down of the body tissues triggered by external stimulus.
Catabolism
92
______ - The process where substances are converted into simpler compounds which releases energy necessary for the proper functioning of the body’s cells
Catabolism

2A Nutrition in Dentistry Midterms (6 decks)

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