Carbohydrates Flashcards by Secret acc

Q

______
• a major and most important source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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Q

Carbohydrates
• sugars that come in two main forms - ______ and ______

A

simple, complex

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Q

Carbohydrates
• ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______ are all carbohydrates

A

rice, pasta, bread, fruits, vegetables

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Q

Carbohydrates
• main unit is ______

A

monosaccharide

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Q

glucose formula:

A

C6H12O6

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

Asia:

A

Rice

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

Middle East:

A

Wheat

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

Great Britain:

A

Barley and Oats

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

Pacific Islands:

A

Taro root

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

Africa:

A

Cassava root

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

America:

A

Potatoes

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

South America:

A

Quinoa

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Q

Main Carbohydrates Staples by Region

Central America:

A

Corn and Rice

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Q

Classification

Simple Carbohydrates:

A

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide

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Q

Classification

Complex Carbohydrates:

A

Polysaccharide

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Q

Classification

Monosaccharides:

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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Q

Classification

Monosaccharide

blood sugar:

A

Glucose

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Q

Classification

Monosaccharide

fruit sugar:

A

Fructose

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Q

Classification

Monosaccharide

milk sugar:

A

Galactose

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Q

Classification

Disaccharides:

A

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

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Q

Classification

Disaccharide

glucose + fructose = table sugar:

A

Sucrose

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Q

Classification

Disaccharide

glucose + glucose = flavoring:

A

Maltose

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Q

Classification

Disaccharide

glucose + galactose = milk:

A

Lactose

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Q

Classification

Polysaccharides:

A

Glycogen
Starch
Fibers

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Classification Polysaccharide amylose and amylopectin:

Starch

Classification Polysaccharide soluble and insoluble:

Fibers

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • is also called dextrose or blood sugar

Glucose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • naturally abundant in many fruits, such as grapes, oranges, dates, and some vegetables, including fresh corn

Glucose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • can be stored as glycogen in muscle and the liver, or if consumed in excess

Glucose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • Can be converted to fat for future energy supply

Glucose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • also known as levulose

Fructose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • found naturally in honey and fruits

Fructose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • sweetest of the monosaccharides and a product of the digestion of sucrose

Fructose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • product of lactose digestion

Galactose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • milk sugar

Galactose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • rarely found in nature

Galactose

M o n o s a c c h a r i d e s ______ • physiologically, it is a constituent of nerve tissue and is produced from glucose during lactation

Galactose

Disaccharides ______ • the most common form is granulated table sugar

Sucrose

Disaccharides ______ • glucose + fructose

Sucrose

Disaccharides ______ • a product of sugar cane or sugar beets

Sucrose

Disaccharides ______ • also found in molasses, maple syrup, maple sugar, some fruits and vegetables.

Sucrose

Disaccharides ______ • sugar in milk

Lactose

Disaccharides ______ • glucose + galactose

Lactose

Disaccharides ______ • product of fermentation of milk, some of the lactose is converted to ______ giving buttermilk and yoghurt their characteristic flavors

Lactose, lactic acid

Disaccharides ______ • also called malt sugar

Maltose

Disaccharides ______ • does not occur naturally

Maltose

Disaccharides ______ • created in making bread and brewing beer

Maltose

Disaccharides ______ • present in some processed cereals and baby foods

Maltose

Polysaccharides ______ • the storage form of energy in plants

Starch

Polysaccharides Starch • the arrangement of glucose molecules determines whether the starch is ______ or ______

amylose, amylopectin

Polysaccharides Starch ______ straight-chain glucose molecules

Amylose

Polysaccharides Starch ______ branched chains of glucose molecules

Amylopectin

Polysaccharides ______ • most highly branched chain of glucose units storage form of energy in humans and animals

Glycogen

Polysaccharides ______ • in the liver– it helps maintain blood glucose levels

Glycogen

Polysaccharides ______ • it is a reservoir of energy for working muscles

Glycogen

Polysaccharides ______ • ingredient in food that is usually referred to as roughage or bulk and is not used by the body for energy

Fiber

Polysaccharides ______ • Found exclusively in plants, thousands of glucose units bonded together to give form and structure found

Fiber

According to American Dental Association, dental caries is a:

“biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, mulifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues“

______ Is a graph that shows what happens after the consumption of sugar concerning dental caries.

STEPHAN CURVE

STEPHAN CURVE NORMAL PH:

7.2

STEPHAN CURVE BUFFERING EFFECT:

30 mins

STEPHAN CURVE ACIDIC PH:

5.5

STEPHAN CURVE BRUSH YOUR TEETH:

1 hour

Systemic Diseases Associated with Intake of Carbohydrates ______ • A condition in which the blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal

Hypoglycemia

Systemic Diseases Associated with Intake of Carbohydrates ______ • A metabolic state that occurs when your body burns fat energy instead of glucose

Ketosis

Systemic Diseases Associated with Intake of Carbohydrates ______ • a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (blood sugar) which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves.

Diabetes Melitus

Systemic Diseases Associated with Intake of Carbohydrates ______ • The abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) Over ______ is considered overweight, and over ______ is already obese.

Obesity, 25, 30

______ is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. BMI is an inexpensive and easy screening method for weight categories—underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. (CDC)

Body mass index (BMI)

Systemic Diseases Associated with Intake of Carbohydrates ______ • a general term for conditions affecting the heart or the blood vessels. It is usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Systemic Diseases Associated with Intake of Carbohydrates ______ • Diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines to the anus.

Gastrointestinal Diseases