Vitamins C and ADEK

Question 1

______
• Water soluble vitamins, must be taken daily through food or supplements

Answer 1

Vitamin C

Question 2

______
• Controls infections and healing wounds – a powerful antioxidant that can neutralize harmful free radicals

Answer 2

Vitamin C

Question 3

______
• Collagen maker- a fibrous protein in connective tissue that is weaved throughout various systems in the body

Answer 3

Vitamin C

Question 4

______
• Produces several hormones and chemical messengers -used in the brain and nerves

Answer 4

Vitamin C

Question 5

______
• Absorbs iron- needed to make red blood cells

Answer 5

Vitamin C

Question 6

Forms of Vitamin C

______
• chemical name of Vitamin C

Answer 6

Ascorbic Acid

Question 7

Forms of Vitamin C

______
• this term refers to the purest form of Vitamin C

Answer 7

Ascorbic Acid

Question 8

Forms of Vitamin C

Ascorbic Acid
• The purest form is the ______ form because the natural vitamin occurs in food along with many other components

Answer 8

synthetic

Question 9

Forms of Vitamin C

______
• Organic compound that occurs when ascorbic acid is oxidized.

Answer 9

Dehydrated Ascorbic Acid

Question 10

Forms of Vitamin C

Dehydrated Ascorbic Acid
• When two hydrogen atoms are removed from the ascorbic acid compound when air is present, the new compound is dehydrogenized and is given the name ______ or ______.

Answer 10

dehydroascorbic acid, DHA

Question 11

Forms of Vitamin C

Dehydrated Ascorbic Acid
• it is transported throughout the body and then converted back to ascorbic acid through a process called ______

Answer 11

reduction

Question 12

______ affects several components of the human immune system

Answer 12

Vitamin C

Question 13

e.g. ______ has been shown to stimulate both the production and function of leukocytes especially neutrophils, lymphocytes, and phagocytes.

Answer 13

vitamin C

Question 14

______ increases the bioavailability of iron from foods by enhancing intestinal absorption of non-heme iron.

Answer 14

Vitamin C

Question 15

non-heme iron is found in ______-based sources

Answer 15

plant

Question 16

Excess in Vitamin C

• Vitamin C toxicity is very ______. Some people take high doses of vitamin C because it is an ______

Answer 16

rare, antioxidant

Question 17

Excess in Vitamin C

• ______ and ______
• falsely elevated ______ readings

Answer 17

diarrhea, nausea, blood glucose

Question 18

Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry:

Answer 18

Prevents Dental Caries
Contributes to Collagen Synthesis
Causes erosive tooth wear

Question 19

Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry

Prevents Dental Caries
• Vit. C inhibits ______

Answer 19

Streptococcus mutans

Question 20

Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry

Prevents Dental Caries
• ______ is a key bacterium linked to the development of dental caries

Answer 20

S. mutans

Question 21

Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry

Contributes to Collagen Synthesis
• important protein for providing tooth ______, ______, and ______

Answer 21

structure, support, maintenance

Question 22

Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry

Causes erosive tooth wear
• Tooth wear is associated with ______ fruits, juices, and chewable vit. C with a pH lower than the normal oral pH (<______)

Answer 22

acidic, 5.5

Question 23

______
• are absorbed and transported by fat, excess vitamins are stored in the liver, and the body draws on stored vitamins when needed

Answer 23

ADEK Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 24

______
• large amounts can harm the body - people who take vitamin supplements are advised to use caution

Answer 24

ADEK Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 25

______ • helping the eyes adjust to light changes

Answer 25

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Question 26

______ • important role in bone growth, tooth development, reproduction, cell division, gene expression, and regulation of the immune system

Answer 26

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Question 27

______ • skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs depend on vitamin A to remain moist

Answer 27

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Question 28

______ • helps the body to absorb and retain calcium and phosphorus to ensure bone growth

Answer 28

V i t a m i n D

Question 29

______ • can reduce cancer cell growth, help control infections and reduce inflammation

Answer 29

V i t a m i n D

Question 30

V i t a m i n D Deficiency ______ • softening and weakening of bones in children

Answer 30

Rickets

Question 31

V i t a m i n D Deficiency ______ • deficient mineralization at the cartilage of growth plates in children

Answer 31

Rickets

Question 32

V i t a m i n D Deficiency ______ • bone softening in adults results in abnormal osteoid mineralization

Answer 32

Osteomalacia

Question 33

V i t a m i n D Excesses ______ • An excess of vitamin D can cause abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).

Answer 33

Hypervitaminosis D/ Vitamin D Toxicity

Question 34

V i t a m i n D Excesses ______ • This can severely damage kidneys and bones over time.

Answer 34

Hypervitaminosis D/ Vitamin D Toxicity

Question 35

______ is an essential hormone (______) for the absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus from the intestine, which is necessary for the appropriate mineralization of bones and teeth.

Answer 35

Vitamin D, secosteroid

Question 36

______ as a promising oral health-protective agent, is said to lessen the incidence of caries and periodontitis.

Answer 36

Vitamin D

Question 37

Unregulated levels of ______ has been linked with tooth decay, gingivitis, and tooth loss

Answer 37

vit D

Question 38

______ • also known as tocopherol

Answer 38

Vitamin E

Question 39

______ • benefits the body by acting as an antioxidant and protecting vitamins A and C, red blood cells, and essential fatty acids from destruction

Answer 39

Vitamin E

Question 40

______ • powerful antioxidant • protects cells from oxidation damage • may reduce the risk of heart disease and some cancers

Answer 40

Vitamin E

Question 41

Vitamin E Deficiency ______ • Nerve cells (neurons ) in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of free radicals and these cells die off when they are deprived of vitamin E.

Answer 41

Neuropathy

Question 42

Vitamin E Deficiency ______ • Nerve cell damage can lead to problems with movement and other features of ataxia with vitamin E deficiency

Answer 42

Neuropathy

Question 43

Vitamin E Deficiency ______ • low red blood cell count) in newborn infants

Answer 43

Mild anemia

Question 44

Vitamin E Excesses • Vitamin E obtained from food usually does not pose a risk for ______.

Answer 44

toxicity

Question 45

Vitamin E Excesses • Megadoses of supplemental vitamin E may pose a hazard to people taking blood-thinning medications such as ______ (also known as ______) and those on ______

Answer 45

Coumadin, warfarin, statin drugs

Question 46

______ is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body develop and function properly

Answer 46

Vitamin K

Question 47

There are two types of vitamin K, which come from different sources:

Answer 47

Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone Vitamin K2 or menaquinone

Question 48

There are two types of vitamin K, which come from different sources: ______ • more common type, found in plant foods, especially in green leafy vegetable

Answer 48

Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone

Question 49

There are two types of vitamin K, which come from different sources: ______ • A less common type is found in some animals and fermented products

Answer 49

Vitamin K2 or menaquinone

Question 50

Vitamin K Functions • One of vitamin K’s most important jobs is to make ______ of the ______ proteins needed for ______.

Answer 50

four, 13, blood clotting

Question 51

Vitamin K Functions • Vitamin K strengthens your bones by helping make ______, which helps prevent low bone density. Some studies indicate that a higher daily intake of vitamin K reduces the risk of bone fractures and low bone density (______).

Answer 51

osteocalcin, osteopenia

Question 52

______ deficiency is only considered clinically relevant when prothrombin time increases significantly due to a decrease in the prothrombin activity of blood

Answer 52

Vitamin K

Question 53

bleeding and hemorrhage are the classic signs of ______ deficiency

Answer 53

vitamin K

Question 54

______ deficiency could also reduce bone mineralization and contribute to osteoporosis

Answer 54

vitamin K

Question 55

______ • can occur during the first few weeks of infancy due to low placental transfer of phylloquinone, low clotting factor levels, and low vitamin K content of breast milk.

Answer 55

Vitamin K Deficiency

Question 56

When it comes to your oral health, signs such as tartar build-up and tooth decay can be an indicator that your body is lacking in vitamins ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 56

A, D3, E, K2

Question 57

______ play a significant effect on oral and general health where its imbalance leads to malnutrition.

Answer 57

Vitamins

Question 58

The process of ______ allows one to extract the greatest possible amount of nutrients and the number and distribution of teeth influence the chewing efficacy.

Answer 58

chewing

Question 59

Vitamin deficiency prompted several non-specific oral conditions such as ______, ______ and ______. Glossitis with linear lesions was postulated to be an early sign of vitamin ______ paucity.

Answer 59

glossitis, stomatitis, mucosal ulceration, B12

Question 60

______ deficiency leads to reduced bone density, osteoporosis, and, as consequence, to the progression of periodontal disease.

Answer 60

Vitamin D

Question 61

Sufficient levels of ______ might reduce the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.

Answer 61

Vitamin D

Question 62

In the developmental phases, ______ are strongly influenced by nutritional status and consequently to vitamin deficiency.

Answer 62

hard dental tissues

Question 63

______ + Vitamin D not only boosts our immunity, but it also helps the body absorb calcium while boosting bone mineral density. If enough vitamin D isn’t present in your body, a sign of calcium not absorbing properly is tartar build-up on the teeth.

Answer 63

VITAMIN D3

Question 64

______ + The vitamin is involved in laying down new cells, including bone cells, during growth and promoting healthy teeth. It keeps mucous membranes healthy, preventing dry mouth, and helps your mouth heal quickly.

Answer 64

VITAMIN A

Question 65

______ + Its main function is as an antioxidant and prevents cells from damage and premature aging. For your oral health, this acts as protection for your gums preventing you from bacteria-caused diseases like gingivitis.

Answer 65

VITAMIN E

Question 66

______ + It acts as a catalyst to support a chemical reaction regulating calcium disposition that is required to produce osteocalcin, a protein that supports bone strength. With regards to your teeth health and working conjointly with Vitamins A and D, osteocalcin stimulates the growth of new dentin.

Answer 66

VITAMIN K2