(2) Final Exam - Don't Knows Flashcards by Sydnie Bookman

viral arthritis is associated with which 4 conditions

1.) rubella
2.) EBV
3.) HVC + HVB
4.) HIV

Think of popular viruses

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what is the most common cause of focal nodular hyperplasia

alterations in hepatic parenchymal blood supply
ex. arteriovenous malformations

Think the focus is on the blood supply

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pseudogout crystals are made of what

calcium pyrophosphate

Think “pseudo” and “pyro” both start with a P

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what is seen grossly in the brain of someone with ethanol poisoning (chronic alcoholism)

1.) cerebral dysfunction
2.) atrophy and loss of granule cells in vermis

Think people view drunks as vermin as they dysfunction and waste away

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which two types of anterior pituitary cells are acidophilic

somatotrophs and lactotrophs

Think sumo wrestlers drink lactic acid

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which two viruses can cause acute pancreatitis

mumps and coxsackievirus

Think we use a cute pancreas as a hackie sack to get out of the dumps

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what is the microscopic feature of an ependymoma

perivascular pseudorosettes

Think wendy’s mom likes fake roses

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reactive arthritis can be associated with which three conditions

1.) HIV
2.) chlamydia
3.) GI tract infections

Think girls with tummy and boy problems can be reactive

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a hepatoblastoma is associated with which two conditions

FAP and Beckwith-wiedmann syndrome

Think beck was familiar with hepatoblastomas

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what are two examples of protozoal diseases that can affect the nervous system

1.) malaria
2.) toxoplasmosis

Think of the “proto” type for “tox”ic malaria vaccines

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what are the two conditions associated with pancreatic cysts

polycystic kidney disease and von-Hippel lindau syndrome

Think hippos get pancreatic cysts

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what are the four histologic classifications of chondrosarcomas

1.) hyaline producing (conventional)
2.) clear cell
3.) differentiated
4.) mesenchymal

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what is the most common form of osteochondroma (exostosis)

solitary

Think osteochondromas are solid

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what is subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (De Quervian)

enlarged thyroid that mostly affects women with a history of upper respiratory infections
microscopy shows granulomas

Think granulomas make thyroid big

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what is seen histologically in fibrous dysplasia

lack of osteoblastic rimming

Think rimmed osteoblasts have been diplaced in fibrous tissue

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what is the gross appearance of an oligodendroglioma

gelatinous with cysts, focal hemorrhage, and calcification

Think oligo is like jello

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chronic endometritis is associated with which four conditions

chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
retained gestational tissue
IUDs
tuberculosis

Think about what endometritis really is

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what is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

mycosis fungoides

Think my cutaneous is most common

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what is seen histologically in a non-ossifying fibroma

storiform pattern due to benign spindle cells

Think starry night as it tries but fails to ossify

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what are the four main histologic features of rheumatoid arthritis

1.) synovial cell hyperplasia
2.) angiogenesis
3.) exudate
4.) osteoclastic activity

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in which condition would you see feathery degeneration

advanced cholestasis

Think chloe was a bird and wanted to fly away

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which variant of renal cell carcinoma has the worst prognosis

medullary

Think the kidney has a medulla

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which two gene mutations can lead to papillary urothelial neoplasms

RAS and FGFR3

Think ridiculous ass sissies whining about papillary urothelilal

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in which condition would you see perinuclear halos and nuclear pleomorphism

chromophobe carcinoma

Think halos of chrome

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what are the two types of parathyroid cells

chief and oxyphil cells | Think chilef paragliders need oxyphil to clean their clothes

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults in the US

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Think focus on what causes nephrotic syndrome in adults

which three locations have the least amount of collateral flow within the brain

1.) thalamus 2.) basal ganglia 3.) deep white matter | Think eating more thyme and basil will help with collateral flow

which two infections are known to cause corneal ulceration

HSV and zoster | Think roosters with herpes have corneal ulcerations

what are the four subtypes of a rhabdomyosarcoma

1.) alveolar 2.) embryonal 3.) pleomorphic 4.) spindle cell/sclerosing | Think rhabdo is common in children who are spun around and can't breathe

dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with which condition

celiac disease | Think you can't eat gluten if you have herpes

cataracts are associated with which four conditions

1.) diabetes mellitus 2.) Wilson disease 3.) radiation 4.) trauma | Think Wilson loved own who had diabetes and radiation trauma

what is the hallmark of the lobular variant of invasive (infiltrating) breast carcinoma

dyscohesive infiltration tumor cells with no tubular formation | Think tubes were lopped off

which condition of the liver often shows a central scar

focal nodular hyperplasia | Think the focus is all on the central scar

what is Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

increased bone mass due to new bone that is abnormally shaped, weak, and brittle leads to a thickened cortex | Think we need more thick people in Pagents

which stain is used to differentiate for an adrenocorticotrophic hormone producing pituitary adenoma (chromophobe)

PAS | Think PASS on a chromophobe

pancreatoblastomas are associated with which condition

beckwith-weidmann syndrome | Think beck's pancreas was going to blast away from all the taco bell

what would be seen on a touch prep for a leydig cell tumor

crystalloids of Reinke | Think Carrie will only ley with Reinke who has crystals

what are the three most common locations for a cavernous malformation

1.) cerebellum 2.) pons 3.) subcortical region | Think there is a cave in the pond where you need to ring the bell

what are pigment stones made out of

bilirubin calcium salts | Think rubins with calcium and salt are made from pigs

what are the two main things seen in the glomerulus of someone with diabetic nephropathy

basement membrane thickening kimmelstiel wilson nodules | Think Jimmy Kimmel is a diabetic who hides in his thick basement

psoriatic arthritis mostly affects which three things

sacroiliac joint, hands, and feet | Think my hands, feet, and sacro joints are psore from carrying ass

Homer-Wright rosettes are commonly seen in which condition

primitive neuroectodermal tumors | Think Homer simpson was firstly neurotic

what is the second most common primary liver tumor

cholangiocarcinoma | Think 2nd most un-wanted job coal mining

what are the two main types of complex soft tissue tumors

leiomyosarcomas undifferentiated sarcomas | Think leiomyosarcoma is complex

what are the two hallmarks of gliosis

Rosenthal fibers and corpora amylacea | Think roses make people gleeful

what is seen histologically 10 days after an acute cerebral infarct

foamy macrophages and reactive gliosis with neovascularization | Think after 10 days, my cup get's foamy with mold

what is the least common type of breast cancer in terms of hormone receptors

HER2+ | Think it's rare to have a her that's positive

what are the two main things seen histologically in aseptic meningitis

1.) perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes 2.) microglial nodules | Think you need cuffs to go into a septic tank

which two organisms most commonly cause acute pyogenic meningitis in older adults

1.) strep. pneumo 2.) listeria | Think older adults are hysteric

what two things do atypical pituitary adenomas have

TP53 mutation and brisk mitotic activity | Think it's atypical for 53 year olds to walk briskly

complex sclerosing lesions have components of what

sclerosing adenosis papillomas epithelial hyperplasia

what is the most common type of embryonal neoplasm of the brain

medulloblastoma within the cerebellum

which viral protein interferes with the tumor suppressor protein RB and can contribute to cervical cancer

E7 | Think i wanted 7-11 RB (really bad)

what is the most common location for capillary telangiectasis

pons | Think your thinking cap

which two conditions are associated with enchondromas

Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome

which four conditions are associated with fungal infections of the female genital tract

diabetes mellitus antibiotics pregnancy being immunocompromised

what is hyalinosis

deposition of eosinophilic protein material

what is the histologic hallmark of Parkinson disease

alpha-synuclein that forms Lewy bodies and Lewy inclusions | Think we park in lewyville tonight

which gene mutation is most common in serous (type 2) endometrial carcinoma

TP53

what it the most common intraocular malignancy of adults

metastasis (typically choroid) to the uvea (uveal melanoma)

which gene mutation is most responsible for osteosarcomas

TP53

which three organisms most commonly cause chronic bacterial meningoencephalitis

1.) TB 2.) syphilis (treponema) 3.) borrelia (Lyme disease)

what is the histologic hallmark of mycosis fungoides

epidermotropism

which area of the brain is at most risk for watershed infarct

area between anterior and middle cerebral artery

Q what are the 3 key microscopic features of an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

1.) squamous cells with peripheral palisading 2.) stellate reticulum 3.) wet keratin

how do ER-, HER2- cancers develop

because of BRCA1 mutations

acquired cystic disease increases your risk of which disease at a 100-fold increase

RCC

what can be seen histologically in oligodendrocyte injury

nuclear viral inclusions or cytoplasmic inclusions

how do HER2+ cancers develop

due to TP53 mutations

which stain is used to diagnose multiple sclerosis

Luxol fast blue periodic acid-Schiff stain | Think blue sclera

the most common metastatic tumors of the breast are from which two locations

skin (melanoma) ovarian cancer

what is the macroscopic presentation of chronic pancreatitis

parenchymal fibrosis with proteinaceous plugs

what is the most common type of mastocytosis

cutaneous

renal cell carcinoma is associated with which condition

von-Hippel Lindau

what is the most common benign bone tumor

osteochondroma

what is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis

impaction of stones within the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis)

what is multiple hereditary exostosis syndrome

multiple osteochondromas that occur closer to the growth plate

what is seen histologically in primary CNS lymphoma

malignant cells around vessels and necrosis

which two conditions can increase your risk of a bone neoplasm

chronic osteomyelitis Paget disease

(2) Final Exam - Don't Knows Flashcards

(79 cards)