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Basic Human Pathology 2 > Dermatopathology > Flashcards

Dermatopathology Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

which layer of the skin (BSGLC) acts as a water barrier

A

stratum granulosum

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2
Q

what is lichenification

A

thickened, rough skin due to repeated rubbing

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3
Q

what is a macule

A

flat, well circumscribed lesion that is less than 5 mm in size

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4
Q

what is a patch

A

flat, well circumscribed lesion that is greater than 5 mm in size

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5
Q

what is the term for separation of nail plate from nail bed

A

onycholysis

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6
Q

what is a papule

A

elevated lesion less than 5 mm in size

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7
Q

what is a nodule

A

elevated lesion greater than 5 mm in size

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8
Q

what is a plaque

A

elevated, flat topped lesion greater than 5 mm in size

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9
Q

what is a scale

A

dry, plate like lesion

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10
Q

what is a vesicle

A

fluid filled lesion less than 5 mm in size

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11
Q

what is a bulla

A

fluid filled lesion greater than 5 mm in size

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12
Q

what is a wheal

A

itchy, elevated lesion seen in allergic reactions

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13
Q

what is acanthosis

A

diffuse (spanning the entire length) epidermal hyperplasia

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14
Q

what is erosion

A

complete loss of the epidermis that does not extend past the basement membrane

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15
Q

what is ulceration

A

complete loss of the epidermis and basement membrane, thus exposing the dermis

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16
Q

what is hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of the stratum corneum (most superficial layer)

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17
Q

what is parakeratosis

A

rapid thickening of stratum corneum with retained nuclei

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18
Q

what is the term for freckles

A

ephelis

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19
Q

what is lentigo (lentigines)

A

benign hyperplasia of melanocytes

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20
Q

which type of melanocytic nevus is often associated with fibrosis

A

blue nevus

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21
Q

which type of melanocytic nevus is most common in children

A

spitz nevus

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22
Q

what causes the halo appearance in a halo nevus

A

lymphocytic infiltration

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23
Q

what mutation type are most cases of melanoma

A

sporadic

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24
Q

what is the most common cause of melanoma

A

UV radiation from sun exposure

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25
what is radial growth
horizontal spread of melanoma
26
what is vertical growth
deep spread of melanoma
27
what is breslow thickness
used for asscessing melanoma distance from the superficial epidermal layer to the deepest dermal cell tumor the larger the distance, the higher probability of metastasis
28
what are the two most common subtypes of melanoma
superficial spreading nodular
29
what is the most common subtype of melanoma
superficial spreading
30
what is seborrheic keratosis
benign lesion that has a stuck on appearance
31
what is acanthosis nigricans
thickened, hyper pigmented skin with a velvet texture most commonly associated with diabetes
32
what is a fibroepithelial polyp (acronchordon)
benign skin tag
33
what is a wen
epithelial/follicular inclusion cyst formed by the invagination and cystic expansion of the epidermis or a hair follicle
34
what is an eccrine poroma
a type of adnexal (appendage) tumor occurs mostly in palms and soles where sweat glands are numerous
35
what is a cylindroma
a type of adnexal (appendage) tumor that has ductal differentiation usually occurs in forehead or scalp
36
in which condition would you see a jigsaw puzzle or giraffe spot microscopically
cylindroma
37
what is a syringoma
a type of adnexal (appendage) tumor lesion that has eccrine differentiation, usually in multiple, small papules caused by the proliferation of small ducts
38
what is a sebaceous adenoma
a type of adnexal (appendage) tumor lesions that are associated with Lynch syndrome
39
what is a clinical variant of Lynch syndrome
muir-torre syndrome
40
what is a pilomatricoma
a type of adnexal (appendage) tumor hair follicle tumor derived from hair matrix cells can have multinucleated giant cells and become calcified
41
what is actinic keratosis
epidermal tumors occurring due to sun damaged skin can develop into a cutaneous horn has malignant transformation potential
42
what is actinic cheillitis
actinic keratosis of the lips
43
what is another term for squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Bowen's disease
44
what is the most important cause of squamous cell carcinoma
DNA damage from exposure to UV light
45
which two stains help to differentiate squamous cell carcinoma
p63 and CK34
46
what is the staging system for squamous cell carcinoma
clark's - measures depth of invasion
47
what is the most invasive cancer in humans
basal cell carcinoma
48
what is basal cell carcinoma
pearly papule containing dilated blood vessels can ulcerate
49
what is a benign fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma)
tumor of the dermis that usually occurs in the legs of young women
50
what is a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
tumor of the dermis that is a well differentiated nodule with a plaque that can ulcerate
51
in which condition would you see a pinwheel "storiform" pattern microscopically
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
52
what is Merkel cell carcinoma
a carcinoma of the basal layer type of neuroendocrine tumor that primarily affects elderly and immunosuppressed individuals
53
which two stains are used to identify Merkel cell carcinoma
synaptophysin and chromogranin
54
what is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
mycosis fungoides
55
what are pautrier microabscesses and in which condition are they seen
CD4 cells accumulate in the dermis around langerhans cells seen in mycosis fungoides
56
what is the histologic hallmark of mycosis fungoides
epidermotropism - tendency of lymphocytes to colonize epidermis
57
what is sezary syndrome
a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma malignant T cells in the blood cause scaling of the entire body surface (erythroderma)
58
what are the two types of mastocytosis and which is most common
**cutaenous** and systemic mastocytosis
59
what are the lesions called in mastocytosis cases
urticaria pigmentosa
60
what is the darier sign
wheal the occurs when the skin is rubbed seen in patients with the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mastocytosis
61
define dermatographism
edema resembling hives cause by stroking skin with pointed instrument seen in patients with the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mastocytosis
62
what is ichthyosis
inherited disorder associated with chronic, excessive keratin buildup causing fishlike scales
63
what is ichthyosis vulgaris
dominant type of ichthyosis that may be associated with lymphoid and visceral malignancies
64
what is congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
recessive type of ichthyosis that leads to very red scaly skin
65
what is lamellar ichthyosis
recessive, X-linked type of ichthyosis that is most severe
66
what is urticaria
hives caused by mast cell degranulation which leads to formation of wheals
67
in which condition can spongiotic dermatosis (edema that seeps into the intercellular spaces of the epidermis) be seen
acute eczematous dermatitis
68
what is erythema multiforme
hypersensitivity reaction to certain infections and drugs
69
erythema multiforme is associated with which four conditions
infections exposure to certain drugs cancer collagen vascular diseases
70
what is Stevens-johnson syndrome
a form of erythema multiforme that involves the skin, lips, oral mucosa, conductive, urethra and genitals
71
psoriasis is often associated with which condition
arthritis
72
what is seborrheic dermatitis
inflammatory dermatosis that has a high density of sebaceous glands presents as macule and papule on a yellow greasy base - mostly affects scalp triggered by things like stress, illness, and cold weather
73
what are the six P's to lichen planus
planar purple polygonal pruritic papules plaques
74
what is pemphigus
inflammatory blistering disorder caused by IgG autoantibodies against desmogleins blisters form on the skin, mouth, nose, etc
75
what is the most common type of pemphigus
pemphigus vulgaris
76
what is a subcorneal blister
blister beneath the stratum corneum
77
what is a suprabasal blister
blister within the epidermis
78
which type of blister is mostly seen in pemphigus vulgarism
suprabasal blister
79
what is a subepidermal blister
blister that separates dermis from epidermis
80
what is the most common histologic feature of pemphigus
acantholysis (breaking down of epidermal cells)
81
what is dermatitis herpetiformis
inflammatory blistering disorder caused by autoantibodies to IgG that bind to proteins that are required for adherence of basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane
82
dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with which condition
celiac disease
83
what is epidermolysis bullosa
non-inflamamtory blistering disorder caused by a inherited defect in proteins that cause layers of the skin to bind
84
what is porphyria
non-inflammatory blistering disorder caused by disturbances of porphyrin (heme proteins) metabolism
85
what is the most common type of porphyria
porphyria cutanea tarda
86
what causes cutaneous porphyria
overproduction of photosensitizing porphyrins - leads to welts on the skin
87
what are the four factors that contribute to the development of acne vulgaris
1.) keratin plug that blocks outflow of sebum 2.) hypertrophy of sebaceous glands 3.) lipase-synthesizing bacteria 4.) secondary inflammation of the involved follicle
88
what are the four stages of rosacea
flushing (pre-rosacea) persistent erythema and telangiectasia pustules and papules rhinopehyma (thickening of nasal skin)
89
what is erythema nodosum
a type of panniculitis painful, red plaques and nodules on the anterior lower legs caused by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to microbial or drug
90
what is the most common form of panniculitis
erythema nodosum
91
what is erythema induratum
a type of panniculitis mostly affects children and menopausal women affects mostly the vessels of the calves
92
what is weber-christian disease
a type of panniculitis lobular panniculitis seen in the face of children and adults
93
what is factitial panniculitis
a type of secondary panniculitis caused by self-inflicted trauma or injection of toxic substances
94
which types of HPV cause anogenital warts
6 and 11
95
which type of HPV causes genital warts
16
96
which type of HPV causes epidermodysplasia verruciformis
5 and 8
97
what is the most common type of wart
verruca vulgaris
98
where are verruca plana most often found
face or dorsal surfaces of the hands
99
where are condyloma acuminatum (venereal warts) most often found
genitalia
100
molluscum contagiosum is caused by which virus
poxvirus
101
what are the two types of impetigo
impetigo contagions impetigo bullosa
102
which type of impetigo is most common in children
impetigo bullosa
103
honey-colored crust is most common in which bacterial infection of the skin
impetigo
104
what is tinea capitis
a type of superficial fungal infection seen in mostly children
105
what is tinea barbae
a type of superficial fungal infection of the beard area
106
what is tinea corporis
a type of superficial fungal infection (ring worm) red plaque with scaling border
107
what is tinea cruris
a type of superficial fungal infection affects obese people during warm weather and friction
108
what is tinea pedis
a type of superficial fungal infection (athletes foot) mostly found between the toes
109
what is tinea versicolor
a type of superficial fungal infection of the upper trunk caused by the yeast malassezia furfur

Basic Human Pathology 2 (14 decks)

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