2 Information Processing

Question 1

Information Processing

Answer 1

The methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised

Question 2

Input stage

Answer 2

Information picked up by the senses

Question 3

Display

Answer 3

The sporting environment (ie oppo, crowd, officials)

Question 4

Receptor Systems

Answer 4

The 5 senses that pick up information from the display

Sight, auditory sense, touch, balance and kinaesthesis

Question 5

Proprioceptors

Answer 5

The senses that provide internal information

Question 6

Kinaesthesis

Answer 6

The inner sense that gives information about body position and muscular tension

Question 7

Selective attention

Answer 7

Filtering relevant information from irrelevant information

Question 8

Stimuli

Answer 8

The relevant items of information from the display

Question 9

Benefits of selective attention

Answer 9

Selective attention can improve reaction time significantly

Focusing on the relevant information improves the chance of making a correct decision

Question 10

Perception

Answer 10

The process of coding and interpreting sensory information

Question 11

Translatory Mechanisms

Answer 11

Adapting and comparing coded information to memory so that decisions can be made

Question 12

Effector Mechanism

Answer 12

The network of nerves that sends coded impulses to the muscles

Question 13

Working memory

Answer 13

So named since it performs a number of functions

Question 14

Central Executive

Answer 14

The control centre of the working memory, it uses three other ‘systems’ to control all the information moving in and out of the memory system

Question 15

Phonological loop

Answer 15

Deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace

Question 16

Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 16

Used to temporarily store visual and spatial information

Question 17

Episodic buffer

Answer 17

Co-ordinates the information from the working memory into sequences to be sent to the LTM

Question 18

3 Aspects of memory

Answer 18

Short term sensory store
Short term memory
Long term memory

Question 19

Short term sensory store

Answer 19

Stores information for one second and is forgotten if its not considered important

Question 20

Short Term Memory

Answer 20

Lasts 20-30 seconds and stores 5-9 items

Question 21

Long Term Memory

Answer 21

Receives information from the working memory and has an unlimited capacity for the storage of motor programmes

Question 22

Schema Theory

Answer 22

We store generalised series of movement patterns and adapt them to the current environment

Question 23

Schema

Answer 23

Set of rules to help us make decisions about movement patterns

Question 24

Schemas are initiated and evaluated by 2 processes which are?

Answer 24

Recall Schema and Recognition Schema

Question 25

Recall Schema

Answer 25

Initiates movement, comes before the action

Question 26

Recognition Schema

Answer 26

Controls movement, happens during the action

Question 27

4 Parameters of Schema | IRSR

Answer 27

Initial Conditions Response Specifications Sensory Consequences Response Outcome

Question 28

Initial Conditions

Answer 28

Info from the environment

Question 29

Response Specifications

Answer 29

Information about what to do

Question 30

Sensory Consequences

Answer 30

Information about the feel of the movement

Question 31

Response Outcome

Answer 31

Feedback about the result

Question 32

Reaction Time

Answer 32

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the onset of a response

Question 33

Movement Time

Answer 33

The time taken to complete the task

Question 34

Response Time

Answer 34

The time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the completion of a task. Response time = Reaction time + Movement time

Question 35

Hicks Law

Answer 35

Reaction time increases as the number of choices increases

Question 36

Single channel Hypothesis

Answer 36

One stimulus can be processed at a time and a second stimulus must wait until the fist one is processed.

Question 37

Psychological Refraction Period

Answer 37

A delay when a second stimulus is presented before the first has been processed

Question 38

Anticipation

Answer 38

Pre-judging a stimulus

Question 39

Temporal Anticipation

Answer 39

When its going to happen

Question 40

Spatial Anticipation

Answer 40

Where and what is going to happen

Question 41

Whitings model

Answer 41