2.1 Skill characteristics and their impact on transfer and practise

Question 1

Skill

Answer 1

The learned ability to bring about predetermined results

They are aesthetically pleasing, consistent, effortless and efficient

Question 2

Open Skill

Answer 2

A skill performed in an unpredictable environment

Question 3

Closed skill

Answer 3

A skill performed in a predictable environment

Question 4

Gross Skill

Answer 4

A skill that uses large muscle groups

Question 5

Fine Skill

Answer 5

A skill that uses smaller muscle groups

Question 6

Self paced skill

Answer 6

When the performer controls the start and speed of the skill

Question 7

Externally paced skill

Answer 7

When the performer has no control over the start and speed of the skill

Question 8

Discrete skill

Answer 8

A skill that has a clear beginning and end

Question 9

Continuous skill

Answer 9

A skill that has no clear beginning and end

Question 10

Serial Skill

Answer 10

A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement

Question 11

Low Organised Skill

Answer 11

A skill that is easily broken into parts

Question 12

High Organised Skill

Answer 12

A skill that is not easily broken into parts

Question 13

Simple Skill

Answer 13

A skill that requires few decisions when being performed

Question 14

Complex Skill

Answer 14

A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed

Question 15

Transfer

Answer 15

The effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another

Question 16

Positive Transfer

Answer 16

When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another

Question 17

Negative Transfer

Answer 17

When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

Question 18

Zero Transfer

Answer 18

When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another

Question 19

Bilateral Transfer

Answer 19

When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb

Question 20

Whole Practise

Answer 20

Practising the skill in its entirety

Question 21

Whole-part-whole Practise

Answer 21

Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practise, then putting the skill back together

Question 22

Progressive part practise

Answer 22

Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually

Question 23

Advantages and disadvantages of whole practise

Answer 23

Fluency (feel of the skill)
Develops understanding

Too much information
Not for begginers

Question 24

Advantages and disadvantages of whole-part-whole practise

Answer 24

Shows weakness
Corrects it

Time Consuming
Some skills can’t be broken down

Question 25

Advantages and disadvantages of progressive part practise

Answer 25

Focuses on weaknesses Keeps links between parts Time consuming Danger of negative transfer

Question 26

Massed Practise

Answer 26

No rest intervals

Question 27

Distributed Practise

Answer 27

Rest intervals

Question 28

Mental Practise

Answer 28

Going over the skill in the mind without movement

Question 29

Varied practise

Answer 29

Changing the practise type and the practise skills

Question 30

Advantages and disadvantages of massed practise

Answer 30

Good for habitual responses Efficient Fatigue Demanding

Question 31

Advantages and disadvantages of distributed practise

Answer 31

Allows recovery Allows for feedback Time consuming Negative transfer

Question 32

Advantages and disadvantages of varied practise

Answer 32

Gives motivation Allows adaption Fatigue Demanding

Question 33

Advantages and disadvantages of mental practise

Answer 33

Builds confidence Controls anxiety Must be correct Environment must be calm