2) Parathyroid and Bone - U5 Flashcards by Aqeel Nabijohn

What is the class for Alendronate (Fosamax)

Bisphosphonate

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What is the mechanism for Alendronate (Fosamax)

Reduce osteoclastic bone resorption

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What are the therapeutics for Alendronate (Fosamax)

Hypercalcemia; osteoporosis; Paget’s disease of bone

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What are the important side effects for Alendronate (Fosamax)

Esophageal irritation

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What are the other side effects for Alendronate (Fosamax)

Iritis, myalgias, AFF long-term possibly

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What are the miscellaneous for Alendronate (Fosamax)

Oral formulation; patient must be sitting upright, fasting, for 30 minutes; takes several days to see effect

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What is the class for Risedronate (Actonel)

Bisphosphonate

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What is the mechanism for Risedronate (Actonel)

Reduce osteoclastic bone resorption

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What are the therapeutics for Risedronate (Actonel)

Hypercalcemia; osteoporosis; Paget’s disease of bone; prevention of fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta

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What are the important side effects for Risedronate (Actonel)

Esophageal irritation

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What are the other side effects for Risedronate (Actonel)

Iritis, myalgias, AFF long-term possibly

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What are the miscellaneous for Risedronate (Actonel)

Oral formulation; patient must be sitting upright, fasting, for 30 minutes; takes several days to see effect

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What is the class for Ibandronate (Boniva)

Bisphosphonate

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What is the mechanism for Ibandronate (Boniva)

Reduce osteoclastic bone resorption

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What are the therapeutics for Ibandronate (Boniva)

Hypercalcemia; osteoporosis; Paget’s disease of bone; prevention of fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta

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What are the important side effects for Ibandronate (Boniva)

Esophageal irritation

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What are the other side effects for Ibandronate (Boniva)

Iritis, myalgias, AFF long-term possibly

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What are the miscellaneous for Ibandronate (Boniva)

Oral and IV formulations; patient must be sitting upright, fasting, for 30 minutes; takes several days to see effect

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What is the class for Pamidronate (Aredia)

Bisphosphonate

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What is the mechanism for Pamidronate (Aredia)

Reduce osteoclastic bone resorption

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What are the therapeutics for Pamidronate (Aredia)

Hypercalcemia of malignancy; Paget’s disease of bone; prevention of fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta

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What are the important side effects for Pamidronate (Aredia)

Fever, flu-like symptoms

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What are the other side effects for Pamidronate (Aredia)

Iritis, myalgias, AFF long-term possibly

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What are the miscellaneous for Pamidronate (Aredia)

Bypasses GI tract (given IV); takes several days to see effect for lowering calcium

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What is the class for Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Bisphosphonate

What is the mechanism for Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Reduce osteoclastic bone resorption

What are the therapeutics for Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Hypercalcemia of malignancy; Paget's disease of bone; prevention of fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta

What are the important side effects for Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Fever, flu-like symptoms

What are the other side effects for Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Iritis, myalgias, AFF long-term possibly

What are the miscellaneous for Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Bypasses GI tract (given IV); takes several days to see effect for lowering calcium

What is the class for Cinacalcet (Sensipar)

Calcimimetic

What is the mechanism for Cinacalcet (Sensipar)

Reduces PTH and serum calcium levels

What are the therapeutics for Cinacalcet (Sensipar)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal disease; parathyroid carcinoma; hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism not treatable by surgery

What are the important side effects for Cinacalcet (Sensipar)

Vision changes, palpitations, dizziness, chest pains, headache

What is the class for Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

Amino acid peptide

What is the mechanism for Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

Increases urinary calcium excretion, inhibits bone reabsorption (modest effect)

What are the therapeutics for Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

Short-term relief of hypercalcemia; Paget's disease of bone

What are the important side effects for Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

Minimal (e.g., rhinitis)

What are the miscellaneous for Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

No longer recommended for use in nasal spray form because of increased cancer risk. Can still use SQ or IM. Tachyphylaxis in 2-3 days; often used to bridge treatment for other medication

What is the class for Teriparatide (Forteo)

PTH analog

What is the mechanism for Teriparatide (Forteo)

Short bursts given SQ, stimulating bone resorption and bone formation via osteoblasts

What are the therapeutics for Teriparatide (Forteo)

Osteoporosis (high risk patients who have failed other treatments)

What are the important side effects for Teriparatide (Forteo)

Transient mild hypercalcemia

What are the miscellaneous for Teriparatide (Forteo)

Requires daily SQ injections; contraindicated in those with increased chance of osteosarcoma (e.g., Paget's disease of the bone, radiation exposure)

What is the class for Raloxifene (Evista)

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

What is the mechanism for Raloxifene (Evista)

Selectively activates certain estrogen receptors, but blocks others

What are the therapeutics for Raloxifene (Evista)

Osteoporosis

What are the important side effects for Raloxifene (Evista)

Increase risk of hot flashes, DVT

What is the class for Hydrocortisone; Prednisone (Deltasone)

Corticosteroids

What is the mechanism for Hydrocortisone; Prednisone (Deltasone)

Decreases production of 1,25 vitamin D; may inhibit growth of neoplastic lymphoid tissue

What are the therapeutics for Hydrocortisone; Prednisone (Deltasone)

Hypercalcemia from vitamin D intoxication, granulomatous diseases, hematologic malignancies

What are the miscellaneous for Hydrocortisone; Prednisone (Deltasone)

Hydrocortisone given IV, prednisone orally

What is the class for Denosumab (Prolia)

Monoclonal antibody

What is the mechanism for Denosumab (Prolia)

RANK ligand inhibitor (targets early effect of osteoclasts on bone)

What are the therapeutics for Denosumab (Prolia)

Osteoporosis

What are the important side effects for Denosumab (Prolia)

Concern for rashes, myalgias; AFF possible

What are the miscellaneous for Denosumab (Prolia)

Given SQ every 6 months; can be given at lower GFR levels

What is the class for Raloxifene (Evista)

selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

What is the mechanism for Raloxifene (Evista)

Binds to ER and decreases bone resorption

What are the therapeutics for Raloxifene (Evista)

Osteoporosis

What are the important side effects for Raloxifene (Evista)

Exacerbates hot flashes; increased risk of DVT

What is the class for Calcium carbonate

Phosphate binder

What is the mechanism for Calcium carbonate

Binds phosphate

What are the therapeutics for Calcium carbonate

Secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal disease

What is the class for Calcium acetate

Phosphate binder

What is the mechanism for Calcium acetate

Binds phosphate

What are the therapeutics for Calcium acetate

Secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal disease

What is the class for Sevelamer (Renagel)

Phosphate binder

What is the mechanism for Sevelamer (Renagel)

Binds phosphate

What are the therapeutics for Sevelamer (Renagel)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal disease

What is the class for Calcitriol; Paracalcitol (Zemplar); Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)

vitamin D analog

What is the mechanism for Calcitriol; Paracalcitol (Zemplar); Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)

Binds to VDR and elevates serum calcium levels

What are the therapeutics for Calcitriol; Paracalcitol (Zemplar); Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal disease

What are the miscellaneous for Calcitriol; Paracalcitol (Zemplar); Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)

Given orally daily or IV several times a week

2) Parathyroid and Bone - U5 Flashcards

(74 cards)