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AN SC 312 > 2 - Reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

2 - Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What is a hormone

A

Substance produced by one or more gland that is transported by the blood to exert a specific effect upon another organ

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2
Q

What are hormone receptors

A

Tissues targeted by a specific hormone have receptors for that hormone

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3
Q

Four classes of repro hormones

A
  1. Peptides
  2. Glycoproteins
  3. Steroids
  4. Prostaglandins
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4
Q

What is a peptide hormone

A

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

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5
Q

Peptide bonds are made of…

A

carbon and ammonia

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6
Q

What are glycoprotein hormones

A

An alpha and a beta subunits held together by non-covalent hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces

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7
Q

What are steroids

A

Hormone with four carbon rings

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8
Q

The steroid pathway involves multiple occurrences of what process?

A

Enzymatic conversion

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9
Q

Conversion of steroid to estradiol

A

Cholesterol -> pregnenolone -> progesterone -> testosterone -> estradiol

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10
Q

Differences between steroid conversion in males vs females

A

Males do not produce estradiol (ends at testosterone)

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11
Q

What are prostaglandins

A

Lipids with 20C

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12
Q

Two major prostaglandins in repro phys

A

Prostaglandin F2 alpha

Prostaglandin E2

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13
Q

Hormone action requires…

A

the presence of specific receptors on the target

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14
Q

Slide 12

A

Hormone and target tissue figure

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15
Q

What kind of receptors do protein hormones use?

A

Plasma membrane bound receptors

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16
Q

Five steps of action of protein hormones

A
  1. Hormone-receptor binding
  2. G-protein activation
  3. Adenylate cyclase activation
  4. Cyclic AMP activates protein kinase
  5. Synthesis of new product (protein)

slide 14***figure

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17
Q

What kind of receptors do steroid hormones use

A

Diffuse into the cell and attach to specific nuclear receptors

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18
Q

Steps of action of steroid hormones

A
  1. Steroid transport - “piggy back” on protein
  2. Movement through the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nuclear membrane
  3. Binding of steroid to nuclear receptor
  4. mRNA and protein synthesis

Slide 16***figure

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19
Q

Five sources of reproductive hormones

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary (anterior & posterior)
  • Gonads (ovary & testis)
  • Uterus
  • Placenta
20
Q

Bone around the pituitary gland is called…

Study These Flashcards
A

Sella turcica

21
Q

Hypothalamus is attached to the anterior pituitary via…

Study These Flashcards
A

Stalk and portal vessels

22
Q

What does the anterior pituitary release? Posterior?

Study These Flashcards
A

Anterior = releasing hormones
Posterior = oxytocin

23
Q

What is the hormone released by the hypothalamus (its chemical class, its target tissue and its action)

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A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Class: neuropeptide
Target tissue: Anterior pituitary
Action: release of FSH & LH from anterior pituitary

24
Q

Name the three hormones released by the anterior pituitary

Study These Flashcards
A

Follicle stimulate hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Prolactin

25
What are the chemical classes and target tissues of FSH, LH, and prolactin
FSH = glycoprotein. Target sertoli cells of testis and granulosa cells of ovary LH = glycoprotein. Target leydig cells of testis and theca/luteal cells of ovary Prolactin = protein. Targets mammary glands
26
Action of FSH
Spermatogenesis in testis Follicle growth and estradiol synthesis in ovary
27
Action of LH
Testosterone synthesis Ovulation an progesterone synthesis
28
Prolactin action
Lactation and maternal behaviour
29
What hormone is released by the posterior pituitary (class, target tissues, action)
Oxytocin Class: neuropeptide Target tissues: Testicular, uterus & mammary Action: sperm transport, uterine contractions, mammary cell growth
30
When does oxytocin help in females
Parturition, expel retained placenta
31
What are the gonadotropins? Where are they released? Go to...
FSH & LH Released by gonadotroph cells in anterior pituitary Go to gonads
32
What cells release prolactin? Go to...
Lactotroph cells Go to mammary gland
33
What are herring bodies
Store oxytocin until release in posterior pituitary
34
What hormones are released by the ovary? Classes
Estradiol (steroid) Progesterone (steroid)
35
Target tissues of estradiol and progesterone
E: hypothalamus, reproductive tract, mammary gland P: hypothalamus, uterine endothelium & myometrium, mammary gland
36
Action of estradiol? Progesterone?
E: sexuality (increase sexual behaviour, GnRH production, uterine activity. Mammary development) P: pregnancy maintenance (decrease sexual behaviour, GnRH production, uterine activity. Lactation)
37
What hormone is released by the testis? Chemical class, target tissues, action
Testosterone Class: steroid Target tissues: hypothalamus, reproductive tract, muscle Action: sexuality (increase sexual beh, muscle development. Decrease GnRH production. Spermatogenesis)
38
What hormones are released by the uterus? Chemical class?
Prostaglandins (E2 and F2 alpha)
39
Target tissues and action of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha
E2: ovary, increase progesterone production F2: ovary and uterine myometrium. Decrease progesterone production. Uterine contractions (parturition)
40
What hormones are released by the placenta? Classes
Progesterone (some spp; steroid) Equine chorionic gonadotropin (glycoprotein)
41
Target tissue and action of progesterone from the placenta
TT: hypothalamus, uterine endothelium & myometrium, mammary gland Action: pregnancy maintenance (decrease sexual beh, gnRH production and uterine activity. Lactation)
42
Target tissues and action of Equine chorionic gonadotropin
TT: ovary Action: maintains progesterone production
43
Hormone used for pregnancy detection in horses
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG)
44
Where is the pineal gland located?
Above the hypothalamus between the hemispheres of the brain
45
Pineal gland is sensitive to... and releases...
environmental light and senses changes in photoperiod releases melatonin in response to dark
46
Pineal gland via melatonin regulates what?
Breeding activity in seasonal breeders

AN SC 312 (31 decks)

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