Question 1 Flashcards
Name the anatomical structures of the female reproductive tract
- Ovary
- Oviduct
- Uterine horn
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
- Vulva/labia
- Broad ligament
What is the function and embryonic origin of the ovary
Ovarian structures vary with stage of cycle: primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, antral follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albicans. The purpose of the ovary is to produce a follicle that will ovulate an egg which can be fertilized by a sperm, and to produce estrogen and progesterone. Embryonic origin is the mesoderm (gonadal ridge and primordial germ cells)
What is the function and embryonic origin of the oviduct
The purpose of the infundibulum and ampulla (upper-half) of the oviduct is to transport the oocyte to the site of fertilization. The lower half of the oviduct (isthmus) transports sperm to the ampullary-isthmic junction (site of fertilization) and transports the embryo to the uterus. Embryonic origin is mesoderm (paramesonephric ducts)
What is the function and embryonic origin of the uterine horn
The function of the uterine horns is to support sperm transport towards the oviduct and is where the embryo will develop before implantation. Embryonic origin is the mesoderm.
What is the function and embryonic origin of the uterus
the role of the uterus varies depending on the stage of the female cycle. It is made up of the perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium. It transports sperm to the oviduct, maintains the pre-implantation embryo, contributes the maternal portion of the placenta (endometrium), and expels the fetus and the fetal placenta during parturition (myometrium). The embryonic origin is the mesoderm (paramesonephros)
What is the function and embryonic origin of the cervix
Muscular cylinder that separates internal and external female tracts. In the cow, it acts as a reservoir/barrier to sperm transport during copulation, plays a role in sperm selection, is the site of semen deposition in some species, and as a mucus plug to conserve the sterile uterine environment during pregnancy. Embryonic origin is the mesoderm(paramesonephric ducts).
What is the function and embryonic origin of the vagina
female copulatory organ, site of semen deposition in cow (live service?), secretes mucus with lubricates and protects the vaginal wall. The ectoderm gives rise to the external vagina and the mesoderm is the embryonic origin of the internal vagina (paramesonephros ducts and urogenital sinus).
Name the anatomical structures of the male reproductive tract
- Scrotum
- Testis
- Testicular excurrent ducts
- Spermatic cord
- Accessory sex glands
- Urethra
- Penis
What is the function and embryonic origin of the scrotum
houses, supports and provides temperature control to the testes. The tunica dartos is a muscle that responds to temperature, and the scrotal skin has thermosensitive nerves and is rich in sweat glands. The other parts of the scortum are the scrotal lining and the gubernaculum. Embryonic origin is the ectoderm.
What is the function and embryonic origin of the testis
Primary male reproductive organ. Produces spermatozoa (spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of testicular parenchyma) and androgens. Embryonic origin is the mesoderm (gonadal ridge and the primordial germ cells).
What is the function and embryonic origin of the testicular excurrent ducts
efferent ducts drain the rete tubules. Epididymus head concentrates (absorbs fluid from seminiferous tubules) sperm. The body and upper tail mature sperm (they gain motility and potential to fertilize) and the distal tail stores sperm until ejaculation. Ductus deferens connects epididymus to urethra through spermatic cord. Embryonic origin is the mesoderm, specifically the mesonephros ducts.
What is the function and embryonic origin of the spermatic cord
extends through inguinal canal and contains pampiniform plexus (testicular artery and vein), lymphatic and nervous tissue, cremaster muscle and ductus deferens. Purpose is to support and maintain the testes and provide temperature regulation (cremaster muscle). Embryonic origin is the mesoderm.
What is the function and embryonic origin of the accessory sex glands
Glands that contribute seminal fluid to semen. Ampulla (enlargement of ductus deferens), vesicular gland (contributes fluid, energy substrates and buffers), prostate (contributes fluid and inorganic ions), and bulbourethral (flushes urine residues from urethra and/or produces gel-fraction). Embryonic origin is the mesoderm (urogenital sinus).
What is the function and embryonic origin of the penis
copulatory organ of the males, forms around urethra. Base, shaft and glans penis. Deposits sperm into the female reproductive tract. Embryonic origin is the ectoderm.
Why would a system develop into a male repro tract rather than a female
Gene in Y chromosome produces testis determining factor which triggers development of the testes. Sertoli cells of the testes secrete anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) which causes leydig cell differentiation and degeneration of the paramesonephric ducts (no female tract). Leydig cells secrete testosterone and dihydrotestosterone which develop the male duct system and the penis, scrotum, and accessory sex glands, respectively.
