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AN SC 312 > 3 - Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

3 - Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The female reproductive tract is made up of a series of interlinking…

A

Tissues and tubes found in the lower abdomen, separated from the rectum by the rectogenital pouch

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2
Q

In the mare, the proximity of the rectum to the cervix allows for what?

A

Rectal palpations for pregnancy detection, identifying ovarian structures

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3
Q

Major components of the female reproductive tract

A

Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine horns, ovaries

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4
Q

What is the broad ligament

A

Tissue holding the reproductive tract to the abdomen wall

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5
Q

Three components of the broad ligament

A

Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx and mesometrium

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6
Q

What is the mesovarium

A

Houses the vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves for the ovary
Forms the ovarian stem (hilus)

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7
Q

What is the mesosalpinx

A

Thin, transparent segment of the BL that supports the oviduct
Forms a pouch around the ovary (bursa)

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8
Q

What is the mesometrium

A

Largest portion of BL, supports the uterine horns (suspended from the dorsal body wall)

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9
Q

Hilus vs bursa

A

Hilus is part of the mesovarium, forms the ovarian stem

Bursa is part of the mesosalpinx, forms a pouch around the ovary

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10
Q

What is the utero-ovarian ligament

A

Attaches the ovary and uterus, but is not part of the BL

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11
Q

Seven primary ovarian structures

A
  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary follicle
  4. Tertiary follicle
  5. Antral follicle
  6. Corpus luteum
  7. Corpus albicans
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12
Q

Two sections of the ovary are… How do they differ in mares

A

The cortex (outside) and the medulla (inside)

In mares, the medulla is the external part and the cortex is on the inside

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13
Q

Antral follicle aka

A

Graafian follicle

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14
Q

Components of a pre-ovulatory (antral) follicle…

A

Oocyte, corona radiata, cumulus oophorus, granulosa cells, basement membrane, theca interna, theca externa, antrum

slide 13***

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15
Q

Four layers of the female tract “tubing”

A

Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

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16
Q

What is the serosa

A

Outer layer, single layer of flat cells that cover the female tract

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17
Q

What is the muscularis

A

Double layer of smooth muscle (outer longitudinal and inner circular layers)
Allows tissues to contract

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18
Q

What is the submucosa

A

Houses blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Supporting layer for the mucosa

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19
Q

What is the mucosa

A

Secretory layer of epithelium in lumen of the reproductive tract
Properties and role varies for each segment in the tract

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20
Q

Slide 15**

A

Tubing

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21
Q

Five components of the oviduct

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, ampullary-isthmic junction, isthmus, uterotubal junction

22
Q

What is the infundibulum

A

Funnel shaped opening closes over the ovary
Forms “pocket” around the ovary
Has fimbriae

23
Q

What is the ampulla

A

“upper half” of the oviduct
larger diameter and ciliated mucosa to transport oocytes to point of fertilization

24
Q

What is the ampullary-isthmic junction

A

Site of fertilization

25
Q

What is the isthmus

A

“Lower half” of the oviduct attached to the uterus
Small diameter tube that transports sperm to AIJ and transports embryos to the uterus

26
Q

What is the uterotubal junction

A

UTJ
Junction of the uterus & oviduct
Sperm reservoir

27
Q

Slide 17***

A

Oviduct

28
Q

Function of the oviduct

A

transport oocyte to uterus, site for fertilization

29
Q

What determines the role the uterus plays?

A

What stage of the female cycle we are in

30
Q

What rolls does the uterus have?

A
  • Sperm transport to the oviduct
  • Maintain pre-implantation embryo
  • Maternal portion of placenta (transfer of nutrients to fetus)
  • Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta
31
Q

Three layers of uterus tissue

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

32
Q

What is the perimetrium

A

External layer that connects to the mesometrium of the BL

33
Q

What is the myometrium

A

Muscle layers of the uterus
Facilitates uterine contractions (sperm transport post-coital, expulsion of fetus & placenta during parturition)

34
Q

What is the endometrium

A

Cells lining the uterine lumen
Roles vary with female cycle
- secretions that enhance sperm and embryo survival
- Signals if pregnancy has been achieved
- maternal portion of placenta & transfer of nutrients to fetus

35
Q

Slide 20

A

Uterus diagram

36
Q

What is a duplex uterus, e.g.

A

One with two cervices (marsupials, rabbits)

37
Q

Having a duplex uterus means what?

A

Female can produce offspring from different males

38
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus, e.g.?

A

Uterus with poorly developed uterine horns e.g. cow, mare

Or highly developed uterine horns e.g. bitch, queen, sow

39
Q

Monotocous vs polytocous

A

Mono = one offspring (egg) at a time

Poly = multiple offspring at a time

40
Q

What is a simplex uterus, e.g.

A

No uterine horns e.g. primate

41
Q

What are caruncles, in what animals are they found

A

Attachment site of placenta in ruminants (ewe, cow, goat)

42
Q

Instead of caruncles, sows have…

A

folds

43
Q

What is the cervix

A

Thick walled segment of female system that separates the internal tract from the external tract

44
Q

Two forms of cervical lumens, and examples

A

Single fold (bitch, queen)

Multiple folds (sow, ewe, cow and mare)

45
Q

What is the role of the cervix in copulation

A

Cow, ewe, bitch and queen = reservoir/barrier to sperm transport

Sow & mare = site of semen deposition

46
Q

What is the function of the cervix in pregnancy

A

Mucus plug conserves the sterile uterine environment

47
Q

Slides 28, 29

A

Cervix

48
Q

What is the vagina

A

Copulatory organ of the female

Site of semen deposition (cow, ewe, bitch, queen)

Slide 31 image

49
Q

What effects the secretions of the mucosa of the vagina? What is the role

A

Influenced by estrus cycle

Lubricate and protect the vaginal wall

50
Q

Types of uteruses

A
  • duplex
  • bicornuate (poorly or highly developed horns)
  • simplex

AN SC 312 (31 decks)

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