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Year 2 LCRS Anatomy Limbs > 2: Shoulder > Flashcards

2: Shoulder Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What is the shoulder?

Which bones does it include?

A

The area of upper limbn attachment to the trunk made up of

  1. Scapula
  2. Clavicle
  3. Humerus
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11
Q

What is the lateral angle of the scapula?

A

The glenoid cavaty (site of attachement of the humerus bone to form the gelenohumeral joint)

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12
Q

What are the superior and inferior angle of the scapula?

A

The highest and lowest points of the scapula (excluding the acromion)

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13
Q

Red part: What is its role?

A

It is the infraglenoid tubercle, attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

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14
Q

What is this part of the Scapula?

What is its role?

A

It is the supraglenoid tubercle is the site of attachment for the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

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15
Q

What is the attachment of the scapula and clavicle?

A

It is the acromiom (both of the scapula and clavicle)

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20
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What is their function?

A

Attachment of the rotator cuff muscles of the geenohumeral joint

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21
Q

Show the anatomical and surgical neck of the humerus

A
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22
Q

What is the relevance of the surgical neck of the humerus? What can be damaged?

A

It is the site where fractures of the humerus most often occur

The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery can be damaged

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23
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24
Q

How are the tow attachements (used to be origin and insertion) of muscle in the limbs called?

A

Proximal and distal attachment

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25
What is the pectoral girdle?
It is the region formed by the Sterno-calvicular-joint, Acromio-clavicular joint, Glenohumeral joint and the scapula-thoracic joint + its bones mainly: 1. **Clavicle** 2. **Scapula**
26
What are the functions fo the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder?
1. To stabelise the glenohumeral joint 2. To deptress the humeral head in movement
27
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
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Infraspinatus
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Which structures stabalise the instable glenohumeral joint?
1. 4 Rotator Cuff muscles 2. Long head of the biceps brachii 3. ligaments
33
What kind of joint is the gleno-humeral joint?
It is a ball and socket synovial joint (Socket= glenoid fossa), ball= head of humerus
34
What is the glenoid labrum? What is its relation to the head of the biceps brachii
It is a fibrocartilaginous collar around the glenoid fossa, to expand the socket of the glenohumeral joint Supeirorly, the labrum is continous with the long head of the biceps brachii
35
What is special about the synovial membrane of the gleno-humeral joint?
It portrudes through apertures in the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule to form bursae Bursae lie between the fibrous membrane and tendons of surrounding muscle --\> reduce friction **e.g: subtendinous bursa of scapularis**
36
The fibrous membrane of the gleno-humeral membrane is thickened in three places. What are they and what do they form?
It forms the superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
37
Which anatomical structure restricts upward movement of the humeral head on the glenoid cavity?
1. The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle 2. Coraco-achromial arch + ligament
38
Explain the lateral, medial, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior borders of the Axilla
1. **Apex:** between the first rib, the clavicle and the superior border of the subscapularis muscle 2. **Anterior:** Pec Major+ Minor 3. **Lateral:** intertubercular Groove of humerus 4. **Posterior:** Scapula+ subscapularis (superior) + latissimus dorsi + teres major 5. **Medial:** 1-4th rib 6. **Base**: skin+ fascia from arm to chest
39
What are the contents of the axilla?
1. Muscles 1. short head of the biceps brachii 2. Coracobrachialis muscle 2. Arteries​ * Axillary artery (Parts 1-3 with its branches) 3. Axillary vein * Begins at lower margin of the trees major (continuation of the basilic vein), joined by the cephalic vein * Passes medial and anterior to axillary artery 4. Nerves * Cords of the Brachial plexus+ branches 5. Lymph nodes
40
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Pectoralis major?
1. Proximal: * medial 1/3 of clavicle * sternum * costal cartilages 2. Distal * lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
41
How is Pec major innervated?
Via the Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
42
What is the function of Pec Major?
Adduction+ medial rotation of the Humerus ## Footnote Anteversion+ lowering of shoulder girdle
43
What is the function of Pec minor?
Protracts scapula, pulls tip of shoulder down
44
Explain the distal and proximal attachemtns of the subclavius muscle
1. Proximal * 1st rib 2. Distal * groove on inferior surface 1/3 of the clavicle
45
Explain the proximal and distal attachments of the Serratus anterior
1. Proximal * Rib I-IX 2. Distal * Medial border of the scapula
46
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
* Holds Scapula onto thorax (stabilisation in arm movement) * Lateral rotation of Scapula
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Serratur anterior
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Subclavius Muscle
49
What are the muscles of the anterior shoulder girdle?
1. Pectoralis Minor 2. Pectoralis Major (can also be classified as shoulder) 3. Subclavius muscle 4. Serratus anterior
50
What are the Muscles of the posterior pectoral girdle?
1. Trapezius 2. Latissimus dorsi (can be classified as shoulder) 3. Levator scapulae 4. Rhomboids (Minor+Major)
51
Trapezius Muscle
52
What are the proximal and distal attachements of the Trapezius?
Proximal attachment: * Occipital bone * Spinous process es of cervical + thoracic vertebra (up to T12) Distal: * Acromion of Scapula, Clavicle, Spine of Scapula
53
What is the function of the Trapezius muscle? How is it innervated?
1. Rotates, elevates, retracts the **scapula** 2. Rotates, bends laterally and rotates contralaterally the **head** **Innervated by CN XI**
54
Explain the proximal and distal attachments of the levator scapulae. What is its function?
1. Proximal attachment: * Posterior tubercle of transverse processes C1-4 vertebra 2. Distal attachment: * Superior Angle of Scapula 3. Function: Elevation of Scapula 4. Innervated by C4,5, dorsal scapular nerve
55
What is the Proximal and Distal attachments of the rhomboids?
1. Proximal: * Minor: Spinous process C6+7 * Major: spinous process T1-4 2. Distal * Minor: Medial margin of the scapular spine * Major: Medial border of the scapula
56
What is the function of the rhomboids? How are they innervated?
Innervagted by the dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5) Function: 1. Elevates the scapula medially+ cranially 2. Stabilizes scapula on thorax
57
Rhomboids
58
Explain the proximal and distal attachments of the latissimus dorsi muscle
1. Proximal * Spinous process of T7-12, L1-5 * sacrum * ilium * 9-12 rib, 2. Distal: * Floor of intertubercular groove on Humerus
59
Latissimus dorsi
60
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
Adducts, Rotation of the Humerus, retroversion of shoulder
61
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the biceps brachii?
1. Proximal Attachments * LONG HEAD: SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE OF SCAPULA * SHORT HEAD:CORACOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA 2. Distal Attachment 1. Radial tuberosity
62
Which nerve innervates the Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm? Where does it originate?
The Musculosceletal nerve (C5-7)
63
Which nerves innervates the Biceps Brachii and the Brachialis muscle?
Musculocutaneous Nerve C5-7
64
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the brachialis muscle?
* Proximal Attachment * Body of Humerus * Distal Attachment * Tuberosity of ulnar
65
Brachialis
66
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Coracobrachialis?
1. Proximal 1. Coracoid process of scapula 2. Distal 1. anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft
67
Coracobrachialis
68
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the triceps?
* Proximal 1. Medial Head * Back surface of the humerus, just below the radial groove 2. Lateral Head * Back surface of humerus, just above the radial groove 3. Long Head * Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula * Distal * Olecranon of ulna
69
Which nerve innervates the triceps? Where does it origiintate?
Innervated by the **Radial nerve** (C6,7,8)
70
What are the proximal and distal attachents of the Anconeus muscle?
1. Proximal 1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus 2. Distal 1. Olecranon on ulnar
71
Anconeus muscle
72
Which Muscles are part of the posterior compartment of the arm? What is their function and how are they innervated?
1. Triceps 2. Anconeus muscle Innervated by the Radial Nerve (C6,7,8) --\> Extension of the elbow
73
What is the radial groove of the humerus?
Groove where radial nerve runs in arm
74
What are the locations where the brachial artery can be felt?
1. In the cubital fossa (medial to biceps tendon) 2. In the medial biciptial groove (between triceps and biceps)

Year 2 LCRS Anatomy Limbs (15 decks)

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