2. Why has migration become increasingly complex? Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is economic globalisation?
The process of the world becoming increasingly interconnected, with countries’ economies becoming interdependent (e.g. via trade), resulting in increased migration.
What is a bilateral corridor?
The movement of migrants between 2 countries
What does UNHCR stand for?
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
What are the overall reasons migration has become more complex in the 21st century?
• Global migration patterns are influenced by many interlinked factors.
• Changes in economics, politics, technology, and social conditions make these patterns more complex.
• South–South migration flows are now equal to or greater than South–North flows.
How has South–South migration changed?
It has grown and now matches or exceeds South–North flows due to tighter Northern borders, faster-growing Southern economies, and shared cultural/linguistic ties.
Give examples of major South–South corridors.
• Bangladesh to India: 3.3 million migrants.
• Afghanistan to Pakistan: 2.3 million migrants.
• Burkina Faso to Ivory Coast: 1.46 million migrants due to jobs, wages, fertile land, shared colonial ties.
• Myanmar to Thailand: 1.9 million migrants for wages, jobs in agriculture/manufacturing, geographical proximity.
Why do people migrate in South–South corridors?
• Better wages and employment.
• Economic opportunities.
• Common language/culture (e.g. French-speaking West Africa).
• Border proximity and reduced travel cost.
What trends are seen in young migrants?
In 2013, 34.8 million international migrants were under 20.
Developing regions hosted 62% of all under-20 migrants.
Economic reasons like jobs and remittances drive this trend.
2015 median migrant ages: Africa – 28, Asia – 35, Latin America – 31.
What are the trends for female migrants?
In 2013, women made up 48.2% of all migrants.
2015 data: Europe – 52%, North America – 50%, Asia – 42%.
What explains variation in female migration?
Status of women and gender policies in countries.
Growing female independence and education.
More women migrating for skilled work and opportunity.
