CSMP exam prep Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are informal representations of place?
informal representations of place are subjective, creative, and based on personal or artistic interpretations rather than official statistics.
✅ Examples:
TV shows (Coronation Street depicting an inner-city area).
Art, photography, blogs, social media, literature.
✅ Key Exam Point:
These representations shape public perception and identity but may lack accuracy or data.
What are formal representations of place?
Formal representations use objective, structured data to define a place’s characteristics.
✅ Examples:
Census data, maps, government reports, and geospatial data (GIS).
✅ Key Exam Point:
These sources provide reliable and quantitative insights but may miss lived experiences and cultural significance.
What are common inner-city characteristics?
High-density housing (terraced housing, flats).
Limited green space.
Older industrial buildings (warehouses, factories).
Higher crime rates & deprivation.
Ethnic diversity & strong community ties.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Inner-city areas have undergone gentrification in some places, leading to social and economic change.
What is social inequality?
Social inequality refers to unequal access to resources, opportunities, and services within and between places.
✅ Examples:
Differences in income, education, housing, and healthcare.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Can be measured using indicators like free school meal eligibility, health outcomes, and life expectancy. IMD scores
How does social inequality contrast between an LIDC and an AC in rural areas?
LIDC Example:
Limited access to healthcare & education.
Subsistence farming dominates the economy.
Poor infrastructure (no electricity, roads, clean water).
AC Example:
Advanced healthcare & education systems.
Diversified economy (agriculture, tourism, industry).
Strong government support for rural development.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Rural inequalities exist in both LIDCs & ACs, but causes & scale differ.
What makes up a place profile?
Key Factors:
Physical geography (coast, rivers, climate).
Demographics (age, ethnicity, population size).
Socio-economic characteristics (income, employment, education).
Cultural identity (heritage, religion, festivals).
Political influences (government investment, policies).
✅ Key Exam Point:
Place profiles change over time due to investment, migration, and economic shifts.
How does investment change place profiles?
Economic investment impacts:
New transport links → Increased accessibility & growth.
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) → E.g., Nissan in Sunderland = job creation.
Gentrification → Rising house prices, demographic shifts.
Regeneration → Redevelopment of former industrial zones (London Docklands).
✅ Key Exam Point:
Investment can improve infrastructure & jobs but may lead to gentrification.
Why did Cornwall need rebranding?
✅ Challenges Before Rebranding:
Decline in traditional industries (fishing, tin mining).
Seasonal tourism leading to unstable employment.
Young people leaving (outmigration) due to lack of jobs.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Rebranding was needed to diversify the economy & attract investment.
What strategies were used to rebrand Cornwall?
The Eden Project (Eco-tourism, attracting millions of visitors).
Newquay Airport Expansion (Connectivity for tourism & business).
✅ Key Exam Point:
Combination of cultural, economic & technological rebranding.
Who were the key players in Cornwall’s rebranding?
EU & UK Government – Funded investment (Objective One Funding).
Private Sector – Investors in tourism & businesses.
Local Communities – Small business initiatives, cultural events.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Multiple players were needed; no single strategy was enough.
What is deindustrialisation & globalisation?
✅ Deindustrialisation:
Decline in manufacturing & heavy industries.
E.g., Sheffield’s steel industry collapse.
✅ Globalisation:
The increasing integration and interdependence of economic, social, political, and environmental systems worldwide.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Leads to economic decline in former industrial areas but growth in services & tech sectors.
How does social inequality vary spatially?
✅ Urban Areas:
Rich-poor divide (e.g., London’s wealth gap).
High crime & unemployment in deprived areas.
✅ Rural Areas:
Less access to healthcare & education.
Fewer job opportunities = outmigration of youth.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Location influences access to resources & opportunities.
What factors explain patterns of social inequality?
✅ Economic – Unemployment, job availability.
✅ Social – Education, healthcare access.
✅ Political – Government investment, policies.
✅ Environmental – Quality of housing, pollution levels.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Social inequality is caused by multiple, interconnected factors.
What is sense of place?
The emotional & cultural attachment people have to a location.
✅ Key Exam Point:
Strongest when linked to personal experiences & identity.
How does time-space compression affect our sense of place?
✅ Faster transport & communication → Places feel “closer” than before.
✅ Global businesses & brands → Some places become similar (“Clone Towns”).
✅ Key Exam Point:
Reduces local distinctiveness but increases global connectivity.
What are rebranding strategies & success factors?
✅ Strategies:
✅ Key Exam Point:
Successful rebranding requires multiple strategies & long-term investment.
Why did Cornwall need rebranding?
✅ Economic Challenges:
Peripheral Location – Poor transport links to London and major cities.
Brain Drain – Young people leaving due to lack of job opportunities.
Low Wages – In 2005, Cornwall had the lowest weekly wages in the UK (£329.30), 25% below the national average.
Deindustrialisation – Tin mining, fishing, and farming declined, leading to negative multiplier effects.
Lack of Services – 29% of UK villages lack a shop, and many rural areas had no bus services.
📝 Exam Tip:
Mention ‘core-periphery’ theory to explain economic decline.
What strategies were used to rebrand Cornwall?
✅ Key Projects:
- Extreme Water Sports – Watergate Bay Hotel employed 50-60 people.
- Jamie Oliver’s Fifteen Restaurant – Trained disadvantaged young people in hospitality.
- Universities in Cornwall (CUC) – Collaboration between University of Exeter & Falmouth to keep graduates in Cornwall.
- Tate St. Ives (1993) – Boosted cultural tourism.
📝 Exam Tip:
Use a mix of cultural, economic, and educational rebranding strategies.
What was the role of key players in Cornwall’s rebranding?
1️⃣ European Union – Funded Objective One, providing investment to areas with a GDP below 75% of the EU average.
2️⃣ National Lottery Funding – Supported youth employment and pathways to work.
3️⃣ Private Individuals – Rick Stein’s restaurants in Padstow attracted food tourism.
4️⃣ South West Development Agency (SWDA) – Stimulated regeneration using government money.
5️⃣ Businesses – BT introduced superfast broadband to boost digital industries.
📝 Exam Tip:
Players work together; EU & UK gov funding enabled private investment.
Was Cornwall’s rebranding successful?
✅ Successes:
Economic Growth Rate (5.8%) outpaced the UK average (5.4%).
80% of local businesses reported benefits from the Eden Project.
400 full-time jobs created by the Eden Project, 75% of whom were previously unemployed.
❌ Challenges:
Seasonal economy still dominates (tourism jobs in summer, unemployment in winter).
Traffic congestion increased near the Eden Project.
Housing costs rose, pricing out locals in some areas.
📝 Exam Tip:
Evaluate both economic & social impacts for a balanced answer.
