Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Methods > 2.01 - Articulation > Flashcards

2.01 - Articulation Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

In Articulation Therapy emphases the __________.

A

Motor Component of Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Articulation deficiencies are _______, _______, and _______ at the “motor” level.

A

Substitution

Omission

Distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Articulation issues usually have an ______ reason.

A

Organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are five possible organic reasons for articulation issues?

A

Hearing Impairment

Cleft Palate

Tongue Thrust

Glossectomy (removal of part of the tongue)

Apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is two examples of a distortion?

A

Lisp

Vowel Distortions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is there cultural & linguistic diversity?

A

Accents

You have to learn a new phonemic inventory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are three articulation & phonology tests?

A

GFTA (Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation)

CAAP (Clinical Assessment of Articulation & Phonology)

PAT (Photo Articulation Test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What articulation & phonology test is used solely for adults?

A

Photo Articulation Test (PAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do Articulation issues tend to run in patterns?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are functional articulation disorders?

A

Usually a developmental delay

Can’t figure out how to make the sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

There is a lot of _____ in judging spontaneous speech.

A

Variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are two tests to judge the accuracy of spontaneous speech?

A

SIT

WIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Stimulability Testing?

A

Asking a client to repeat a phoneme in different words with prompting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a developmental approach to constructing articulation therapy?

A

Chose targets based on the order of aquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

By age four, all phonemes should have emerged and be intelligible to a ________.

A

Familiar listener 90% of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A four year old might have trouble with _____. These can be worked on if the child is _______.

A

Later developing phonemes

Stimulable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Non-Developmental approach to articulation therapy?

A

Using client specific factors

relevance, stimulability, ease of correction, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Perceived Deviance?

A

What is most affecting intelligibilty

Omission, Substitution, or Distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Stimulability?

A

The client is stimulable for the treatment target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an Emerging Sound?

A

The client is able to produce the treatment target in several phonetic environments or one key phonetic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a Key Word?

A

The client can produce the treatment target in one or a few selected words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Phonetic Placement and Shaping?

A

Helping the client produce the treatment target through phonetic placement or through shaping an existing sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a Traditional Phonetic (Artic)?

7

A

Discriminate sound from others

Where articulators must be to produce the sound

Produce sound in isolation

Sound in nonsense syllables

Sound in initial, medial, and final position in words

Sound in phrases & sentences

Sound in conversation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do you use to teach a Traditional Phonetic (Artic)?

A

Incorporating several teaching strategies (imitation, placement cues, successive approximation, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a Motor-Kinesthetic Approach? | 3
Develop correct movement patterns Requires clinician to manipulate articulators Uses tactile, kinesthetic and proprioceptive cues to map our motor movements to produce target phonemes
26
What does the Motor-Kinesthetic Approach assume?
That the direct manipulation of the articulators will provide positive kinesthetic and tactile feedback
27
What is PROMPT? | 2
Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets A Motor-Kinesthetic approach to teaching articulation
28
What is another name for the Traditional Approach?
Van Riper Approach
29
What is the Distinctive Features Approach based on?
How speech sounds are defined in terms of articulation patterns and acoustic properties
30
How are Distinctive Features analyzed? | 3
Place Manner Voicing
31
How does Distinctive Features Approach work?
Select a feature to train Present the target feature in syllables/words that contrast with those that do not have the feature
32
What happens in the Distinctive Features approach when an individual can discriminate between features?
You move to the traditional approach
33
What phonemes have the Vocalic feature?
Liquids - All
34
What phonemes have the Consonantal feature? | 5
Stops - All Fricatives - All Affricates - All Nasals - All Liquids - All
35
What phonemes have the High feature? | 5
/k/ & /g/ /ʃ/ & /ʒ/ Affricates - All /ng/ Glides - All
36
What phonemes have the Back feature? | 3
/k/ & /g/ /ng/ /w/
37
What phonemes have the Low feature? | 2
/h/ glottal stop
38
What phonemes have the Anterior feature? | 4
Bilabial & Alveolar Stops Fricatives - excepting Palatal /m/ & /n/ /l/
39
What phonemes have the Coronal feature? | 5
/t/ & /d/ Fricatives - except Palatal Affricates - All /n/ & /ng/ Liquids - All
40
What phonemes have the Continuant feature? | 5
Fricatives - All Liquids - All /h/ Glides - All glottal stop
41
What phonemes have the Strident feature? | 2
Fricatives - except Palatal Affricates - All
42
What are the two types of Paired Oppositions?
Minimal Maximal
43
What are Minimal Pairs?
Pairs that vary by one feature
44
What are Maximal Pairs?
Pairs that vary by more than one feature
45
Paired Oppositions are phonological based where phonemic targets contrast ____ vs ____ differences.
Erred Correct
46
In paired oppositions, no instruction on placement is given, but instead emphasize the _____ or _____ to teach __________.
Success Breakdown Target production
47
How do you work with Paired Oppositions? | 3
Introduce pairs through pictures or objects Clients identifies the named picture or object Roles reverse and the child requests the picture or object (The child is rewarded by clinician's selection of correct stimulus or is given a chance to repair the inaccurate production)
48
What are Phonological Processes?
Strategies used by younger, TD kids to simplify production of more advanced targets
49
When are Phonological Processes usually suppressed?
By age 4
50
Phonological Processes are used to ______ for persons with _______ that result in poor speech intelligibility.
Organize target behaviors Multiple articulation errors
51
The Hodson & Paden phonological processes uses _____ (______).
Cycles 5-17 weeks
52
How does the Phonological Process Approach work? | 5
Auditory Bombardment Production Training Stimulability Probes Auditory Bombardment Home Activities from Generalization
53
In the Phonological Process Approach, after ________, a new target is introduced.
2-6 hours of direct intervention
54
In the Phonological Process Approach, you want the child to ___________________________.
Internalize the patterns before moving to the next
55
What are the three principles of phonetic approaches?
The inability to produce a speech sound is an inability to execute the complex motor skills required Focus on the placement and movement of the articulators There is a sequence of stages in instruction
56
What are the sequence of stages used according to the Principles of Phonetic Approaches?
Isolation Syllables Words Phrases Sentences Conversations
57
What are seven Facilitative Techniques used in Articulation Therapy? (7)
Descriptions & demonstrations Metaphors Touch cues Key Word Phonetic Placement Shaping Phonetic Context
58
What are Descriptions & Demonstrations? | 2
Similar to Target Specific Feedback & Direct Modeling Describes or demonstrates production of the target sound
59
What do Descriptions & Demonstrations do?
Heighten the client's awareness of selected characteristics
60
What are Metaphors?
Comparison of an aspect of speech to something else | What if you had peanut butter....?
61
What are Touch Cues?
Movements made by the client or clinician to draw a client's attention to how to produce the sound
62
What are Key Words?
A word where the client can produce the target correctly
63
When are are Key Words used?
Periodically through treatment to remind the client of the correct production
64
What is Phonetic Placement?
Teaching the correct tongue and lip positions
65
What is Shaping?
Using a sound the client knows (a correct one or an error) to teach a new sound
66
What is the Phonetic Context?
A phonetic environment that can facilitate production
67
What are an example of Phonetic Context? | 4
Sounds before or after the target sound Word position Syllable position Near-by sounds
68
What are the nine Teaching Strategies?
Direct Modeling Shaping Fading Indirect modeling Prompts Negative Practice Expansion Target-Specific Feedback Homework
69
What is Cleft Palate?
A congenital malformation of the lip and/or palate It results from the failure of the oral structures to fuse at the midline during the first trimester
70
Palatal repairs for Cleft Palate generally occur by _______.
The second year
71
What does Cleft Palate create?
Velopharyngeal Incompetence (VPI)
72
What are the three most significant speech problems associated with Cleft Palate?
Audible nasal air emission Hypernasal resonance (hypernasality) Compensatory patterns of articulation (glottal stopes, pharyngeal fricatives, etc)
73
What are four therapy hints to Cleft Palate speech therapy?
It often needs to assess the adequacy to the velopharnyx closure prior to the second palatal surgery Persistent dental anomalies that may result in lateralization of fricatives & affricates Initiate therapy as soon as possible Use biofeedback devices
74
What is Mild HL?
26-40 dB
75
What is Moderate HL?
41-70 dB
76
What is Severe HL?
71-90 dB
77
What is Profound HL?
91+ dB
78
What are the most common speech errors produced by children with HL? (5)
Omission of final consonants Substitution of voiced consonants for voiceless ones Omission of consonants in blends Vowel errors (substituting schwa or other vowels, nasalization, etc.) Distortion of fricatives and affricates
79
What are five techniques to working with children with HL? | 5
Cued speech Alternative sensory modalities Using words relevant to classroom curriculum Amplification systems Auditory trainers for self-monitoring and classrooms
80
Developmental Apraxia can be ____, _____, or _____.
Speech Motor Both
81
Developmental Apraxia is a ________ characterized by a reduced ability to _________ of the articulators of speech
Motor planning disorder Volitionally sequence
82
What are six speech patterns often seen with children with Developmental Apraxia?
Extremely limited phonemic inventory Poor imitation of modeled sounds Inconsistent errors Vowel distortions Struggling or groping for the oral musculature needed for speech Errors on the suprasegmenal aspects of speech
83
What are five techniques that can be used with children with Developmental Apraxia?
Lots of Practice! Oral motor movements to facilitate articulatory placement of new consonants Repeat successes over and over again First work on accurate production then more to more rapid production Rhymes and songs can be used as stimuli
84
Articulation treatment for motor-based speech disorder needs to focus on teaching a new ____________.
Motor pattern for speech
85
Articulation treatment should focus on ____________.
Functional speech skills

Clinical Methods (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions