3.02 - Dysarthria & Voice Flashcards by Jamie Bevill

What are Dysarthrias?

A group of disorders that impair the ability to execute motor movement

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Can Dysarthria co-occur with aphasia?

Yes

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Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Articulation is good for automatic speech.

Apraxia

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Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Errors are predictable and constant

Dysarthria

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Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

There are visible groping postures

Apraxia

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Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Someone has difficulty initiating speech.

Apraxia

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Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

There are deficits involving respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, & resonance.

Dysarthria

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Is it Apraxia or Dysarthria?

Someone has difficulty with imitation.

Apraxia

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What is the goal for treating Dysarthrias?

To improve intelligibility & speech motor control

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What are the classes of Dysarthria?

Flaccid

Spastic

Ataxic

Hypokinetic

Hyperkinetic

Mixed

Unilateral

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What are the four techniques in treating Dysarthria?

Behavior Modification

Prosthetic Devices

Medical & Surgical Procedures (pharyngeal flap)

Augmentative/Alternative Devices

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What are the subsystems of Dysarthria?

Respiratory

Phonatory

Resonance

Articulatory

Prosody

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What is the goal of dealing with the Respiratory aspects of Dysarthria?

To establish consistent, controlled exhalation

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What can be the issue with the Respiratory Aspects of Dysarthria?

Inefficient use of the breath stream in speech

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What is the goal in dealing with the Phonatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

To establish efficient vocal fold closure during speech

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What are the two issues that can occur in the Phonatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

Hyper Adduction

Hypo Adduction

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Which has the biggest effect on speech: Hypoadduction or Hyperadduction?

Hypoadduction

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What is the goal in dealing with the Resonance Aspects of Dysarthria?

To decrease hypernasality by generating appropriate intraoral pressure

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What are the two issues that can occur in the Resonance Aspects of Dysarthria?

Hypernasality

Nasal Air Emission

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What is the goal in dealing with the Articulatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

Improving speech sound production within the constraints of the client’s impairment

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What are the issues that can occur in the Articulatory Aspects of Dysarthria?

The pattern of articulatory errors varies

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What is the goal in dealing with the Prosody Aspects of Dysarthria?

To improve intelligibility by focussing on the specific prosodic difficulties

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What are the issues that can occur in the Prosody Aspects of Dysarthria?

(6)

Monopitch

Monoloudness

Excessive or equal stress on words

Inappropriate intonation

Inappropriate rate

Etc.

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What is the goal in the treatment of Apraxia?

Increasing voluntary control over the articulatory movements

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How is Apraxia usually treated?

By using drills | Practicing motor movements over and over again.

What can also be used to help with Apraxic Speech?

AAC devices

What is usually the issue with voice disorders? | 2

Trouble initiating or controlling the voice Trouble with pitch, loudness, and/or quality

What does the client need to do before beginning therapy for voice disorders?

See an ENT to rule out pathologies

What is Dysphonia?

Any condition where there is a poor or unpleasant voice quality

What are nonorganic factors that can lead to disphonia? | 4

Aphonia Stress Anxiety Emotional problems

What are organic factors that can lead to Disphonia? | 5

Laryngitis Tumors Paralysis Vocal Fold Webbing Etc.

What is an Organic Voice issue?

One caused by a pathology affecting the larynx or the vocal folds Usually alters the mass of the vocal folds

What is a Functional Voice issue?

One cause by vocal abuse or psychological factors

What are symptoms of Functional Voice issues? | 5

Whispered voice Breathy voice Hoarse voice Tight voice Variation in pitch and/or loudness

What are the three kinds of intervention for voice disorders?

Medical Environmental Behavioral

What are medical interventions of voice disorders?

One performed by an ENT or medical doctor

What are environmental interventions of voice disorders

Modifying the client's surroundings to adjust to vocal demands

What are behavioral interventions of voice disorders?

Modifying specific symptoms (hoarseness, breathiness, etc.)

What is Edema? | 2

Tissue swelling due to excess fluid Can be a symptom of a larger disease

What are some etiologies of Edema? | 5

Vocal misuse Localized diseases Allergies Smoking Endocrine inbalance (thyroid issues, menstral, pregnancy, etc.)

What is Infectious Laryngitis?

Laryngitis caused by a virus or bacterial infection

What are some symptoms of Infectious Laryngitis? | 5

Fever Headache Runny nose Sore throat Coughing

How do you treat Infectious Laryngitis? | 3

Voice rest Fluids Pain reliever

What is Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)? | 2

Acid from the stomach that comes up through the lower esophageal sphincter It can burn the pharyngeal & laryngeal structures

How can Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) be diagnosed? | 2

pH monitoring Endoscopy

What are Polyps?

Benign lesions

Do polyps tend to be bilateral or unilateral?

Unilateral

What are the two types of laryngeal polyps?

Sessile (broad based) Pedunculated (attached via a stalk)

What is a symptom of polyps? | 3

Breathiness Hoarseness Rough voice

What are Nodules?

A type of polyp

Are nodules usually bilateral or unilateral?

Bilateral

What are two other names for vocal nodules?

Singer's nodes Screamers nodes

What is Papilloma? | 2

A benign neoplasm (abnormal growth) with a a core of vascular connective tissue Looks like multiple clusters of warts

Where do papillomas tend to form?

On the vocal folds but they can invade the trachea

What is the etiology of papilloma?

Virus with some hormonal link (more common in prepubescent males)

What is the treatment for papilloma?

Surgery

What is Vocal Webbing?

A congenital or acquired disorder

How is Vocal Webbing treated?

By surgery

What does Vocal Fold Paralysis affect?

Vocal quality & airway competency

What is Spasmodic Dysphonia?

Involuntary movement (spasms) of the vocal folds

How do you treat Spasmodic Dysphonia?

Medically & behaviorally

What are Psychogenic Voice Disorders?

Those caused by issues not involving the larynx (anxiety, etc.)

What are the two major Psychogenic Voice Disorders?

Conversion Dysphonia Mutational falsetto

What is Conversation Dysphonia?

Dysphonia (mild hoarseness) -> Aphonia -> Mutism

What is Falsetto? | 2

Speaking with a pitch too high for one's vocal tract Can occur from an incomplete closure of the vocal folds

What are three other names for Falsetto?

Puberphonia Mutational falsetto Incomplete maturation of voice

What is Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement? | 2

The vocal folds should abduct before inhalation and slightly adduct during exhalation This is when the opposite occurs

Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement usually occurs in ______. The person can sound like they are ________.

Adolescents Out of breath

What are the three parts to a vocal assessment?

Listening (obtaining a good speech sample) Objective measurements (voice measurements and airflow measurements) Looking (Stroposcope)

What are the two parts to a Quick Screen for Voice?

Listen and rate Tasks to judge

What is the "Listen & Rate" Portion of the Quick Screen for Voice? (3)

Respiration Phonation Resonance

What is the "Tasks to Judge" Portion of the Quick Screen for Voice? (4)

Habitual Pitch Loudness Maximum phonation time Pitch range

What 8 things are looked for in a Stroboscopic Assessment?

Arytenoid approximation Vocal fold approximation Vocal fold edge Vocal fold surface Mucous Vibratory behavior Amplitude Mucosal wave function

What are the three stages of Voice Treatment Therapy?

Primary (prevention) Secondary (early dectection) Tertiary (remediation)

What are the two Behavioral Techniques for Voice Treatment?

Vocal Hyperfuntion Vocal Hypofuntion

What do we work on when treating Vocal Hyperfuntion? | 5

Relaxation Reducing loudness Softening glottal attacks Pitch adjustment Inhalation phonation (as a relaxer)

What do we work on when treating Vocal Hypofuntion? | 2

Pushing/pulling glottal closure Increasing loudness (respiratory pattern)

What can be used to assist in Alaryngeal Speech?

Using vibration that does not come from larynx (like false vocal folds) Using mechanical devices

3.02 - Dysarthria & Voice Flashcards

(78 cards)