2013-4-15 Flashcards
(40 cards)
succession
suc•ces•sion /səkˈseʃn/ noun
1 [C, usually sing.] a number of people or things that follow each other in time or order 一连串；一系列；连续的人（或事物） SYN SERIES :
a succession of visitors 络绎不绝的来访者
He’s been hit by a succession of injuries since he joined the team. 自入队以来他一再受伤。
She has won the award for the third year in succession. 这是她连续第三年获得此奖。
They had three children in quick succession. 短短几年间，他们接连生了三个孩子。
The gunman fired three times in rapid succession. 歹徒连开三枪。
2 [U] the regular pattern of one thing following another thing 交替；更迭:
the succession of the seasons 四季的更迭
3 [U] the act of taking over an official position or title; the right to take over an official position or title, especially to become the king or queen of a country 继承；继任；（尤指王位的）继承权:
He became chairman in succession to Bernard Allen. 他接替伯纳德•艾伦任主席。
She’s third in order of succession to the throne. 她在王位继承人顺位中排第三。
➡ see also SUCCEED (4)
successive
suc•ces•sive /səkˈsesɪv/ adj. [only before noun]
following immediately one after the other 连续的；接连的；相继的
SYN CONSECUTIVE :
This was their fourth successive win. 这是他们连续第四次获胜。
Successive governments have tried to tackle the problem. 历届政府都试图解决这个问题。
# suc•ces•sively adv. :
This concept has been applied successively to painting, architecture and sculpture. 这一概念相继应用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。
odometer
=milometer
mil•om•eter (also mile•ometer) /maɪˈlɒmɪtə(r); NAmE -ˈlɑ:m-/ (both BrE) (NAmE odom•eter) (also informal the clock US BrE ) noun
an instrument in a vehicle that measures the number of miles it has travelled 里程表；计程器
rewind
re•wind /ˌri:ˈwaɪnd/ verb (re•wound, re•wound /-ˈwaʊnd/) [VN, V]
to make a tape in a CASSETTE player, etc. go backwards 重绕（磁带等）；倒带；倒片
Cartesian
Car•te•sian /kɑ:ˈti:ziən; -ʒən; NAmE kɑ:rˈt-/ adj.
connected with the French PHILOSOPHER Descartes and his ideas about philosophy and mathematics （法国哲学家和数学家）笛卡儿的；笛卡儿主义的
indices
index
index /ˈɪndeks/ noun, verb
■noun
1 (pl. in•dexes) a list of names or topics that are referred to in a book, etc., usually arranged at the end of a book in alphabetical order or listed in a separate file or book 索引:
Look it up in the index. 在索引中查找。
Author and subject indexes are available on a library database. 作者索引和学科索引可在图书馆的数据库中找到。
2 (BrE) = CARD INDEX
3 (pl. in•dexes or in•dices /ˈɪndɪsi:z/) a system that shows the level of prices and wages, etc. so that they can be compared with those of a previous date （物价和工资等的）指数:
the cost-of-living index 生活费用指数
The Dow Jones index fell 15 points this morning. 道琼斯指数今天上午下跌了 15 点。
stock-market indices 股市指数
house price indexes 房价指数
4 (pl. in•dices /ˈɪndɪsi:z/) a sign or measure that sth else can be judged by 标志；指标；表征；量度:
The number of new houses being built is a good index of a country’s prosperity. 新建房屋的数目是国家繁荣的一个有用指标。
5 (usually indices [pl.]) (mathematics 数) the small number written above a larger number to show how many times that number must be multiplied by itself. In the EQUATION 4² = 16, the number 2 is an index. 指数，幂（如在等式 4² = 16 中，2 是指数）
■verb [VN]
1 to make an index of documents, the contents of a book, etc.; to add sth to a list of this type 为…编索引；将…编入索引:
All publications are indexed by subject and title. 所有出版物都按学科和名称编索引。
2 [usually passive] ~ sth (to sth) to link wages, etc. to the level of prices of food, clothing, etc. so that they both increase at the same rate 将（工资）等与（物价水平等）挂钩；使指数化
prosperity
pros•per•ity /prɒˈsperəti; NAmE prɑ:ˈs-/ noun [U]
the state of being successful, especially in making money 兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛
SYN AFFLUENCE :
Our future prosperity depends on economic growth. 我们未来的繁荣昌盛依赖经济的发展。
The country is enjoying a period of peace and prosperity. 国家正值国泰民安、繁荣昌盛的时期。
backslash
back•slash /ˈbækslæʃ/ noun
a mark ( \ ), used in computer commands （计算机符号）反斜线
➡ compare FORWARD SLASH
actuarial
ac•tu•ary /ˈæktʃuəri/ noun (pl. -ies)
a person whose job involves calculating insurance risks and payments for insurance companies by studying how frequently accidents, fires, deaths, etc. happen 精算师（以研究事故、火灾、死亡等发生的频率为依据，为保险公司计算保险风险和保险费）
# ac•tu•ar•ial /ˌæktʃuˈeəriəl; NAmE -ˈeriəl/ adj.
bibliography
bibli•og•raphy /ˌbɪbliˈɒgrəfi; NAmE -ˈɑ:g-/ noun (pl. -ies)
1 [C] a list of books or articles about a particular subject or by a particular author; the list of books, etc. that have been used by sb writing an article, etc. （某一专题或作家的）书目，索引；参考书目
2 [U] the study of the history of books and their production 目录学；文献学；书志学
# bibli•og•raph•er /-ˈɒgrəfə(r); NAmE -ˈɑ:g-/ noun
# bib•lio•graph•ic•al /ˌbɪbliəˈgræfɪkl/ adj.
resident
resi•dent /ˈrezɪdənt/ noun, adj.
■noun
1 a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there 居民；住户:
a resident of the United States 美国的居民
There were confrontations between local residents and the police. 当地居民和警察之间有过冲突。
2 a person who is staying in a hotel （旅馆的）住宿者，旅客，房客:
The hotel restaurant is open to non-residents. 旅店的餐馆对外开放。
3 a doctor working in a hospital in the US who is receiving special advanced training （美国的）高级专科住院实习医生 ➡ compare REGISTRAR (3)
■adj. living in a particular place （在某地）居住的:
the town’s resident population (= not tourists or visitors) 镇上的居民
to be resident abroad/in the US 常驻国外╱美国
Tom’s our resident expert (= our own expert) on foreign movies. 汤姆是我们自己的外国电影专家。
Murphy’s Law
Murphy’s Law /ˌmɜ:fiz ˈlɔ:/ noun (humorous)
a statement of the fact that, if anything can possibly go wrong, it will go wrong 墨菲法则（认为任何可能出错之事必将出错）
puff
puff /pʌf/ verb, noun
■verb
1 ~ (at/on sth) to smoke a cigarette, pipe, etc. 吸，抽（香烟、烟斗等）: [V]
He puffed (away) on his pipe. 他（一口一口地）吸着烟斗。
[VN]
I sat puffing my cigar. 我坐着抽雪茄。
2 ~ (sth) (out) to make smoke or steam blow out in clouds; to blow out in clouds 使喷出，冒出（烟或蒸汽）: [VN]
Chimneys were puffing out clouds of smoke. 烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。
[V]
Steam puffed out. 蒸汽向外喷出。
3 (informal) to breathe loudly and quickly, especially after you have been running 急促喘息；气喘吁吁 SYN GASP : [V]
I was starting to puff a little from the climb. 爬坡弄得我有点喘息起来。
[also V speech] ➡ see also PUFFED , PUFFED OUT
4 [V+adv./prep.] to move in a particular direction, sending out small clouds of smoke or steam 喷着汽（或烟）移动:
The train puffed into the station. 火车喷着蒸汽驶进车站。
IDM be puffed up with ˈpride, etc. to be too full of pride, etc. 自满；自负
ˌpuff and ˈpant (also ˌpuff and ˈblow, informal ) to breathe quickly and loudly through your mouth after physical effort 气喘吁吁；呼哧呼哧地喘
➡ more at HUFF v.
PHR V ˌpuff sthoˈout to make sth bigger and rounder, especially by filling it with air 吹胀；使鼓起来:
She puffed out her cheeks. 她鼓起了腮帮子。
ˌpuff ˈup | ˌpuff sthoˈup to swell or to make sth swell 膨胀；使膨胀:
Her cheeks puffed up. 她的腮帮子鼓了起来。
The frog puffed itself up. 这只青蛙胀得鼓鼓的。
■noun
1 [C] an act of breathing in sth such as smoke from a cigarette, or drugs 吸，抽（把气体经口或鼻引到体内的动作）:
He had a few puffs at the cigar. 他吸了几口雪茄。
Take two puffs from the inhaler every four hours. 每隔四小时从吸药器中吸两口药。
2 [C] a small amount of air, smoke, etc. that is blown from somewhere （烟、气等的）一缕，少量:
a puff of wind 一丝清风
Puffs of white smoke came from the chimney. 烟囱冒出了袅袅白烟。
Any chance of success seemed to vanish in a puff of smoke (= to disappear quickly). 成功的机会犹如一缕青烟，瞬息即逝。
3 [C] a hollow piece of light PASTRY that is filled with cream, jam, etc. 千层酥；奶油酥；泡芙 ➡ see also CREAM PUFF
4 (NAmE also ˈpuff piece) [C] (informal, usually disapproving) a piece of writing or speech that praises sb/sth too much 吹捧的文章（或讲话）
5 [U] (informal, especially BrE) breath 呼吸；喘息:
The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff. 山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。
➡ see also POWDER PUFF
rondo
rondo /ˈrɒndəʊ; NAmE ˈrɑ:ndoʊ/ noun (pl. -os)
a piece of music in which the main tune is repeated several times, sometimes forming part of a longer piece 回旋曲
traverse
tra•verse verb, noun
■verb /trəˈvɜ:s; NAmE -ˈvɜ:rs/ [VN] (formal) or (technical 术语) to cross an area of land or water 横过；横越；穿过；横渡
■noun /ˈtrævɜ:s; NAmE -vɜ:rs/ (in mountain climbing 爬山) an act of moving sideways or walking across a steep slope, not climbing up or down it; a place where this is possible or necessary （在陡坡上的）侧向移动，横过，横越；可横越的地方
turnaround
turn•around /ˈtɜ:nəraʊnd; NAmE ˈtɜ:rn-/ (BrE also turn•round) noun [usually sing.]
1 the amount of time it takes to unload a ship or plane at the end of one journey and load it again for the next one （轮船、飞机的）终点装卸时间
2 the amount of time it takes to do a piece of work that you have been given and return it （接活到交活之间的）周转期，时限
3 a situation in which sth changes from bad to good 好转；起色；转机:
a turnaround in the economy 经济好转
4 a complete change in sb’s opinion, behaviour, etc. （观点、行为等的）彻底转变
turnabout
turn•about /ˈtɜ:nəbaʊt; NAmE ˈtɜ:rn-/ noun [sing.] ~ (in sth)
a sudden and complete change in sb/sth 突变；一百八十度的大转弯；变卦
SYN REVERSAL
dissect
dis•sect /dɪˈsekt; daɪ-/ verb [VN]
1 to cut up a dead person, animal or plant in order to study it 解剖（人或动植物）
2 to study sth closely and/or discuss it in great detail 仔细研究；详细评论；剖析:
Her latest novel was dissected by the critics. 评论家对她最近出版的一部小说作了详细剖析。
3 to divide sth into smaller pieces, areas, etc. 把…分成小块:
The city is dissected by a network of old canals. 古老的运河网将这座城市分割开来。
# dis•sec•tion /dɪˈsekʃn; daɪ-/ noun [U, C] :
anatomical dissection 解剖分析
Your enjoyment of a novel can suffer from too much analysis and dissection. 对一部小说过多的剖析可能会影响你对它的欣赏。
outgoing
out•going /ˈaʊtgəʊɪŋ; NAmE -goʊ-/ adj.
1 liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being friendly towards them 爱交际的；友好的；外向的 SYN SOCIABLE :
an outgoing personality 外向的性格
2 [only before noun] leaving the position of responsibility mentioned 将卸任的；离职的:
the outgoing president/government 即将下台的总统╱政府
OPP INCOMING
3 [only before noun] going away from a particular place rather than arriving in it 向外的；离开的:
This telephone should be used for outgoing calls. 这部电话用于打外线。
outgoing flights/passengers 离境航班╱旅客
the outgoing tide 退潮
OPP INCOMING
outgoings
out•goings /ˈaʊtgəʊɪŋz; NAmE -goʊ-/ noun [pl.] (BrE)
the amount of money that a person or a business has to spend regularly, for example every month 开支；经常性费用
SYN EXPENDITURE :
low/high outgoings 开支低╱高
Write down your incomings and outgoings. 把你的收入与支出记下来。
➡ note at COST
awful
awful /ˈɔ:fl/ adj., adv.
■adj.
1 (informal) very bad or unpleasant 很坏的；极讨厌的:
That’s an awful colour. 那颜色难看得很。
‘They didn’t even offer to pay.’ ‘Oh that’s awful.’ “他们甚至不主动付钱。”“哦，这真不像话。”
It’s awful, isn’t it? 糟糕透了，不是吗？
The weather last summer was awful. 刚过去的夏季天气真坏。
I feel awful about forgetting her birthday. 我忘了她的生日，感到很难过。
to look/feel awful (= to look/feel ill) 面带病容；感到很不舒服
There’s an awful smell in here. 这里有股很难闻的味道。
The awful thing is, it was my fault. 糟糕的是，这是我的过失。
➡ note at TERRIBLE
2 (informal) used to emphasize sth, especially that there is a large amount or too much of sth 非常的；很多的；过多的:
It’s going to cost an awful lot of money. 这要花非常多的钱。
There’s not an awful lot of room. 没有很多的空间。
I feel an awful lot better than I did yesterday. 我觉得身体比昨天好得多了。
(BrE)
I had an awful job persuading him to come (= it was very difficult). 说服他来真是费劲死了。
3 very shocking 骇人听闻的；可怕的 SYN TERRIBLE :
the awful horrors of war 骇人听闻的战争恐怖
# aw•ful•ness noun [U] :
the sheer awfulness of the situation 糟透了的情况
■adv. (informal, especially NAmE) very; extremely 非常；极其:
Clint is awful smart. 克林特机灵极了。
scrape
scrape /skreɪp/ verb, noun
■verb REMOVE 除去
1 to remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it 刮掉；削去 [VN, usually +adv./prep.]
She scraped the mud off her boots. 她刮掉了靴子上的泥。
[VN-ADJ]
The kids had scraped their plates clean. 孩子们把自己的盘子擦得干干净净。
DAMAGE 损坏
2 [VN, usually +adv./prep.] to rub sth by accident so that it gets damaged or hurt 擦坏；擦伤；刮坏；蹭破:
I scraped the side of my car on the wall. 我车的一侧被墙刮了。
Sorry, I’ve scraped some paint off the car. 抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。
She fell and scraped her knee. 她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。
The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers. 她的手指头让金属丝刮掉了皮。
MAKE SOUND 发出声音
3 [usually +adv./prep.] to make an unpleasant noise by rubbing against a hard surface; to make sth do this （使）发出刺耳的刮擦声: [V]
I could hear his pen scraping across the paper. 我听得见他的钢笔在纸上沙沙地响。
We could hear her scraping away at the violin. 我们听得见她正一个劲儿吱吱呀呀地拉小提琴。
[VN]
Don’t scrape your chairs on the floor. 别把椅子在地板上蹭得嘎吱嘎吱响。
WIN WITH DIFFICULTY 艰难获取
4 to manage to win or to get sth with difficulty 艰难取得；勉强获得: [VN]
The team scraped a narrow victory last year. 这支队去年险胜。
(BrE)
I just scraped a pass in the exam. 我考试勉强及格。
They scraped a living by playing music on the streets. 他们在街头演奏音乐，勉强维持生活。
[V]
The government scraped home (= just won) by three votes. 政府以三票的微弱优势勉强过关。
MAKE HOLE IN GROUND 在地上挖坑
5 [VN] ~ sth (out) to make a hole or hollow place in the ground 挖坑；挖洞:
He found a suitable place, scraped a hole and buried the bag in it. 他找了个合适的地方，挖个坑，把包埋了进去。
PULL HAIR BACK 朝后拢头发
6 [VN] ~ your hair back to pull your hair tightly back, away from your face 把头发拢在后面:
Her hair was scraped back from her face in a ponytail. 她的头发拢在后面，扎成一个马尾辫。
IDM scrape (the bottom of) the ˈbarrel (disapproving) to have to use whatever things or people you can get, because there is not much choice available （因别无选择）将就，凑合
➡ more at BOW1 v.
PHR V ˌscrape ˈby (on sth) to manage to live on the money you have, but with difficulty （靠…）勉强维持生计，糊口，艰难度日:
I can just scrape by on what my parents give me. 我靠父母给的那点钱只能勉强度日。
ˌscrape ˈin | ˌscrape ˈinto sth to manage to get a job, a position, a place at college, etc., but with difficulty 勉强获得（工作、职位、入学资格等）:
He scraped in with 180 votes. 他以 180 票勉强当选。
Our team just scraped into the semi-finals. 我们这支队勉强挤入半决赛。
ˌscrape sthoˈout to remove sth from inside sth else, using sth sharp or hard like a knife 挖出；掘出:
Scrape out the flesh of the melon with a spoon. 用小勺挖出瓜瓤。
ˌscrape ˈthrough | ˌscrape ˈthrough sth to succeed in doing sth with difficulty, especially in passing an exam 艰难完成；勉强通过（考试）:
I might scrape through the exam if I’m lucky. 要是走运的话，我也许能勉强及格。
ˌscrape sthotoˈgether/ˈup to obtain or collect together sth, but with difficulty 勉强凑集；费力聚拢；艰难筹措:
We managed to scrape together eight volunteers. 我们好不容易凑齐八名志愿者。
■noun ACTION/SOUND 动作；声音
1 [sing.] the action or unpleasant sound of one thing rubbing roughly against another 刮；铲；刮铲声；刮擦声:
the scrape of iron on stone 铁摩擦石头发出的嚓嚓声
DAMAGE 损坏
2 [C] an injury or a mark caused by rubbing against sth rough 擦伤；擦痕:
She emerged from the overturned car with only a few scrapes and bruises. 她从翻了的车里钻出来，只擦破一点皮，碰了几块瘀青。
DIFFICULT SITUATION 困境
3 [C] (old-fashioned) a difficult situation that you have caused yourself 自己造成的困境:
He was always getting into scrapes as a boy. 他小时候老闯祸。
scrap
scrap /skræp/ noun, verb
■noun
1 [C] a small piece of sth, especially paper, cloth, etc. 碎片，小块（纸、织物等）:
She scribbled his phone number on a scrap of paper. 她把他的电话号码匆匆写在一张小纸片上。
(figurative)
scraps of information 零星消息
(figurative)
She was just a scrap of a thing (= small and thin). 她是个不起眼的小东西。
2 [sing.] (usually with a negative 通常与否定式连用) a small amount of sth 丝毫；一丁点 SYN BIT :
It won’t make a scrap of difference. 这不会有丝毫的差别。
There’s not a scrap of evidence to support his claim. 没有丝毫证据支持他的说法。
a barren landscape without a scrap of vegetation 寸草不生的贫瘠地带
3 scraps [pl.] food left after a meal 残羹剩饭:
Give the scraps to the dog. 把剩菜喂狗吧。
4 [U] things that are not wanted or cannot be used for their original purpose, but which have some value for the material they are made of 废料；废品:
We sold the car for scrap (= so that any good parts can be used again). 我们把车当废品卖了。
scrap metal 废金属
a scrap dealer (= a person who buys and sells scrap ) 废品商人
5 (informal) a short fight or disagreement 打架；争吵 SYN SCUFFLE , SQUABBLE :
He was always getting into scraps at school. 他在学校老跟人打架。
➡ see also SCRAPPY
■verb (-pp-)
1 [VN] [often passive] to cancel or get rid of sth that is no longer practical or useful 废弃；取消；抛弃；报废:
They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building. 他们已被迫撤销了建筑新校舍的计划。
The oldest of the aircraft were scrapped. 最老的飞机报废了。
2 [V] (informal) to fight with sb 打架:
The bigger boys started scrapping. 年龄较大的男孩打了起来。
scraping
scrap•ing /ˈskreɪpɪŋ/ noun [usually pl.]
a small amount of sth produced by scratching a surface 刮屑；削片
