2017

Question 1

a fibrous protein

Answer 1

keratin

Question 2

magnesium role in plant

Answer 2

component of chlorophyll

Question 3

why organisms need water

Answer 3

•solvent
•it’s where all chemical reactions take place
•temperature maintenance
•transport materials

Question 4

why nutrients recycled

Answer 4

so can be reused

Question 5

benefits of nitrogen changing to nitrate

Answer 5

plants can absorb nitrate

Question 6

nitrate in soil formed directly from

Answer 6

nitrite
ammonia

Question 7

animal role in nitrogen cycle

Answer 7

•excrete nitrogen
•die and release nitrogen

Question 8

plants in symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 8

legumes

Question 9

process keeping nitrogen in air constant

Answer 9

denitrification

Question 10

fertilizers role in nitrogen cycle

Answer 10

supply nitrate to the soil

Question 11

why diff amts if aerobic respiration organelle in diff cells

Answer 11

cells need diff amts of energy

Question 12

organelle that has genetic material

Answer 12

•nucleus
•mitochondrion
•chloroplast

Question 13

pathogen

Answer 13

disease causing organism

Question 14

saprophyte

Answer 14

and organism that feeds on dead matter

Question 15

heterotroph

Answer 15

an organism that obtains it’s food from other organisms

Question 16

antibiotic

Answer 16

a chemical produced by microorganisms to kill or stop growth of other microorganisms

Question 17

asepsis

Answer 17

free of pathogens

Question 18

bio processing

Answer 18

using microorganisms to form products

Question 19

bioreactor

Answer 19

a vessel in which products are made by microorganisms

Question 20

possible ecological surveying error

Answer 20

•non random (biased)
•misidentification
•miscounting
•sample size too small

Question 21

how to eliminate ecological surveying error

Answer 21

•random
•accurately counting
•large sample size

Question 22

why ecological surveying important

Answer 22

•monitors biodiversity
•detects changes
•pollution monitoring

Question 23

optimum activity
(enzyme)

Answer 23

enzyme working at its most efficient

Question 24

what enzyme used enzyme experiment

Answer 24

catalase
source: celery
substrate: hydrogen peroxide

Question 25

how measure enzyme rate in investigation

Answer 25

measure the volume of foam per minute

Question 26

why are replicates important

Answer 26

•to ensure reliability •to avoid bias •to verify result

Question 27

advantage and disadvantage of incineration

Answer 27

•amount of waste reduced, reduced landfill, quick waste disposal •harmful products

Question 28

harmful pollutant example

Answer 28

EUTROPHICATION •slurry is liquified waste material produced by animals. it enters rivers, lakes and the minerals in it cause increase algal growth which often results in algal blooms •results in less oxygen in the water and qu’agio plants and animals die

Question 29

how to control eutrophication

Answer 29

•store slurry in leak-proof pits •the stored slurry is spread on dry land in summer so that it’s not washed away into streams and rivers and the nutrients can be absorbed by plant roots and recycled by the plants

Question 30

vascular tissue that transports photosynthesis products

Answer 30

phloem

Question 31

structural features of phloem

Answer 31

•sieve tubes •companion celles •cytoplasm pushed to edges

Question 32

relationship between rates if transportation and water uptake

Answer 32

•as water uptake increases transportation also increases

Question 33

resin for relationship between rates of transpiration and water uptake

Answer 33

•high water uptake makes more water available for transpiration

Question 34

vegetative propagation

Answer 34

plant asexual reproduction

Question 35

features of vegetative propagation

Answer 35

•no gametes •one parent •no variation

Question 36

natural vegetation- leaf

Answer 36

begonia

Question 37

natural vegetation- bud

Answer 37

bulb

Question 38

benefit of artificial vegetative propagation

Answer 38

•rapid •more reliable •desirable characteristics maintained

Question 39

roles of diff RNAs in protein synthesis

Answer 39

•messenger RNA (mRNA) gets code from DNA •mRNA carrie’s code to ribosome •tRNA transfers amino acids to ribosome and places amino acids in sequence

Question 40

final step for functional protein in protein synthesis

Answer 40

folding

Question 41

dark stage anabolic or catabolic

Answer 41

anabolic because small molecules (CO2 and H2O) form larger molecules (glucose)

Question 42

what happen to adp and nadp+ at end of dark stage

Answer 42

return to light stage

Question 43

two particle types moved from nadph to co2 in dark stage

Answer 43

•electrons •protons

Question 44

diploid meaning

Answer 44

chromosomes in pairs/two off each chromosome

Question 45

function of mitosis in single celles organism

Answer 45

asexual reproduction

Question 46

function of mitosis in multi celles organism

Answer 46

repair of tissue & growth

Question 47

after telophase of mitosis how do animal cells split in two

Answer 47

cleavage formation

Question 48

after telophase of mitosis how do plant cells split in two

Answer 48

cell plate formation

Question 49

a beneficial virus

Answer 49

bacteriophages (which kill bacteria) used to treat certain tumors, are vectors in genetic engineering, etc

Question 50

virus replication (hiv)

Answer 50

•attachment- HIV recognises receptors on Helper T cell, attaches to membrane. •entry- virus makes hole in membrane of Helper T cell and enters •synthesis&assembly- HIV use enzyme to convert RNA to DNA which produces new viral RNA. (Retrovirus). host organelles are used to make new viruses. •lysis - the bursting of host cell to release the viruses.

Question 51

why viruses considered not to be alive

Answer 51

•can’t reproduce independently •non cellular •no organelles •only RNA or DNA •no metabolism

Question 52

helper t cell

Answer 52

•recognize antigens, activates killer cells •stimulates B cells to multiply

Question 53

killer T cells

Answer 53

kill abnormal HUMAN cells that are already infected. They use perforin to burst human cells.

Question 54

suppressor t cells

Answer 54

stop the other immune cells from working properly. This is to prevent an overactive immune response and to stop the immune response when the infection is over.

Question 55

memory t cells

Answer 55

last for a long time in the body. They remember a pathogen that has infected the body before and cause the memory B cells to be produced.

Question 56

function of cartilage

Answer 56

•shock absorber •reduce friction

Question 57

cells that break down bone

Answer 57

osteoclasts

Question 58

cells that build bone

Answer 58

osteoblasts