plant structure

Question 1

meristem

Answer 1

•region where mitosis can occur, rapid cell production

Question 2

what plant did you use to carry out investigation of dicot stem

Answer 2

•celery

Question 3

what showed that it was a dicot stem under the microscope

Answer 3

•vascular bundles in a circle

Question 4

irish scientists who first described the upward movement of water in plants

Answer 4

•henry dixon
•john joly

Question 5

root

Answer 5

•absorbs water from the soil and anchors the plant

Question 6

shoot

Answer 6

•all the parts of the plant above the ground

Question 7

bud

Answer 7

•where a new leaf will grow from

Question 8

leaf

Answer 8

•where photosynthesis happens and lets gases in and out of the

Question 9

flower

Answer 9

•allows for sexual reproduction

Question 10

tap roots

Answer 10

•big and thick
•eg. carrots

Question 11

fibrous roots

Answer 11

•skinny
•eg grass

Question 12

protection zone in root

Answer 12

•protects the plant

Question 13

meristematic zone in root

Answer 13

•is where the part of the root that’s dividing by mitosis (to grow)

Question 14

elongation zone of root

Answer 14

•where cells get bigfer

Question 15

differentiation zone in root

Answer 15

•where cells turn into different types of tissue

Question 16

dermal tissue

Answer 16

•skin of the plant

Question 17

ground tissue

Answer 17

•can store food and makes up most of root

Question 18

vascular tissue

Answer 18

•carrie’s food and water around plant

Question 19

terminal bud

Answer 19

•top of stem where new parts of the stem grow from

Question 20

lateral bud

Answer 20

•part of stem where branches out the side will grow from

Question 21

node

Answer 21

•bit where the junction between stem and leaf is

Question 22

petiole

Answer 22

•the little bit between the stem and the leaf

Question 23

midrib

Answer 23

•midrib and veins carry the vascular tissue through the lear

Question 24

phloem

Answer 24

•phloem carries food,
• is a big tube
•tube made up of sections and each section has a companion cell attatched to a sieve tube cell
•companion cell has nucleus which controls what happens in both cells

Question 25

sieve tube (phloem)

Answer 25

•no nucleus •where food flows •at top and bottom of sieve tube is a wall with holes that lets food pass from one cell to next

Question 26

xylem

Answer 26

•carrie’s water •mature xylem no nucleus •xylem tissue dead when it matures •two types: xylem tracheids and xylem vessels

Question 27

xylem vessels

Answer 27

•usually found in deciduous trees •better at carrying water than tracheids •long hollow tubes •have pits to allow water to pass to vessel beside them •have lignin wrapped around them for strength

Question 28

xylem tracheids

Answer 28

•not as good at carrying water •long cells tapered at both ends •walls thickened with lignin for support •pits in walls to allow water & minerals to move sideways from cell to cell

Question 29

monocot

Answer 29

•only one cotyledon •eg grass

Question 30

dicot

Answer 30

•two cotyledons •eg buttercup

Question 31

features of monocot

Answer 31

•vascular bundles scattered in stem •leaf veins parallel •flower parts in multiples of 3

Question 32

features of dicot

Answer 32

•vascular bundles in circle •leaf veins form netted pattern •flower parts in multiples of 4/5

Question 33

functions of stem

Answer 33

•support the aerial parts •transport materials to and from leaves

Question 34

functions of leaves

Answer 34

•make food •exchange gases •allow water loss

Question 35

where can find meristematic tissues

Answer 35

•shoot tip •root tip •bud •seed

Question 36

function of root hair

Answer 36

•absorption

Question 37

food storage polysaccharide in plants

Answer 37

•starch

Question 38

type of modified stem that functions in food storage

Answer 38

•tuber

Question 39

a plant in which leaves are modified for food storage

Answer 39

•onion

Question 40

structural features of xylem allowing for upward mvmt of water

Answer 40

•thick walls •tapered ends •pits

Question 41

excretory organ in plant

Answer 41

•leaf •stem •root

Question 42

why use thin section for investigation

Answer 42

•to allow light to pass through well •see cells clearly

Question 43

how cut stem safely

Answer 43

•with scalpel away from body

Question 44

where does most photosynthesis occur and why

Answer 44

•palisade layer •it’s closer to sunlight & has more chloroplasts

Question 45

ways a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 45

•flat, large surface area •thin •stomata •large number of chloroplasts

Question 46

metabolic substances that pass through water

Answer 46

•carbon dioxide •oxygen •water

Question 47

gas that influences the diameter of stomata

Answer 47

•carbon dioxide

Question 48

structures in stems that are equivalent to stomata in leaves

Answer 48

•lenticels

Question 49

compounds that leave lenticels

Answer 49

•water •carbon dioxide

Question 50

function of meristematic tissue

Answer 50

•mitosis

Question 51

what tissue is composed of living cells

Answer 51

phloem

Question 52

why is herbaceous stem rather than woody one

Answer 52

•easier to cut thin sections

Question 53

how did you prepare the microscope slide

Answer 53

•cut thin section away from self with scalpel •transferred to slide with forceps, drop water with dropper on section, applied cover slip at angle

Question 54

how view the section with microscope

Answer 54

•slide onto stage •adjust light, and use fine and coarse focus to see

Question 55

uses of iodine

Answer 55

•examining cells •detect starch