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3 past papers > 2021 MSA Part 2 > Flashcards

2021 MSA Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What collimating error has occurred when there is incorrect alignment between the X-ray tube and receptor holder?

A

Cone cutting

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2
Q

What faults in the placement of an amalgam restoration can lead to overhangs? (2 marks)

A

Too much force when condensing amalgam
Poor adaptation of the matrix band

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3
Q

What problems can amalgam overhangs give rise to in the short term and long term?

A

Short term:
- food trap
- difficulty in cleaning
Long term:
- secondary caries
- periodontal disease

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4
Q

List two ways to correct an amalgam overhang

A

Polishing using a finishing bur
Replacement of the restoration

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5
Q

What further investigations can be carried out in a patient with a necrotising periodontal disease?

A

Radiographs to determine if there is any bone loss

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6
Q

Give 3 disposing factors of necrotising periodontal disease

A

Any 3 from:
Psychological stress
Poor OH
Lack of sleep
Smoking
Immunosuppression
Malnutrition

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7
Q

What are the risks of no tx in necrotising periodontal disease?

A

Tooth loss due to rapid bone destruction

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8
Q

What tx is provided on the first visit for necrotising periodontal disease? (3 marks)

A

Ultrasonic debridement
0.2% chlorhexidine mouth wash twice daily
OHI - don’t brush until acute symptoms subside

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9
Q

What antibiotic and dosage should be prescribed for acute tx of necrotising periodontal disease and for how long should the patient take it?

A

Metronidazole - 400mg 3 times daily for 3 days

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10
Q

When should a necrotising periodontal disease patient be seen for review after tx of initial symptoms?

A

1-2 weeks

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11
Q

What is the distance between the mandible at rest and in ICP called?

A

The freeway space

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12
Q

What is the average distance of the freeway space?

A

2-4mm

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13
Q

The mandible is said to be on its retruded axis when it occupies any position between what points?

A

Retruded axis position and retruded contact position

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14
Q

What is a border position of the mandible?

A

Mandibular position determined by the anatomy of the TMJ of and its musculature

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15
Q

Why is the retruded axis important in clinical dentistry?

A

It is a reproducible jaw position

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16
Q

What two records are required for mounting casts on a semi adjustable or average value articulator?

A

The relationship of the maxilla to the hinge axis of rotation of the mandible
An interocclusal registration

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17
Q

What is the average value of the sagittal condylar guidance angle which may be used on an articulator?

A

30º

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18
Q

Name the design principles outlined by Herbert Schilder

A

Create a continuous tapering funnel
Maintain apical foramen in the original position
Keep apical opening as small as possible

19
Q

Besides disinfection of the root canal space, name two other objectives or irrigant use in root canal treatment

A

Lubrication of the root canal space
Removal of debris

20
Q

What is the ideal primary endodontic irrigant and at what concentration range is it most effective?

A

Sodium hypochlorite
Between 0.5 and 6%

21
Q

Name three factors important for the function Sodium Hypochlorite

A

Concentration
Volume
Contact time with root canal walls

22
Q

What are the two main differences in composition between decorative and dental ceramic?

A

Decorative ceramics contain more Kaolin
Dental ceramics contain more feldspar

23
Q

What does translucency mean with regard to optical properties of a material?

A

The ability of a material to allow light to pass through but be scattered at one of the surfaces or internally leading to a blurring of the transmitted light

24
Q

What does opalescence mean with regard to optical properties of a material?

A

A materials ability to reflect, scatter and refract light

25
Q

How can ceramic surfaces be modified to make it more retentive prior to using silane?

A

Acid etch with hydrofluoric acid

26
Q

Chemically how does a silane coupling agent work when bonding composite to ceramic?

A

C=C bonds on one side of silane react with the composite
Oxides groups on other side of silane form strong bonds with the porcelain

27
Q

What is the most common cause of facial trauma in a female patient

A

Physical abuse

28
Q

Aside from physical violence list four other forms of abuse that might be involved in domestic abuse?

A

Verbal
Emotional
Sexual
Financial

29
Q

What process should you follow to ask about the possibility of domestic abuse and briefly describe? (4 marks)

A

AVDR
Ask
Validate
Document
Refer

30
Q

List four physical signs you might see in domestic abuse

A

Repeated injuries
Bruises at different stages of healing
TMJ problems
Strangle marks around the neck

31
Q

List two categories of patient who may be considered to be more at risk in terms of domestic abuse than others

A

Women who are separated
Those with mental health problems

32
Q

List four benefits that digital radiography has over film radiography

A

No need for chemical processing
Easy storage of images
Easy back up of images
Images can be integrated into digital patient records

33
Q

What is the benefit of using rectangular collimation? (2 marks)

A

It can reduce effective dose to the patient by approximately 50%

34
Q

What chemical property of lead makes it particularly effective at absorbing X-ray photons?

A

It’s high atomic number

35
Q

What is the minimum distance it is recommended a dentist stands away from the X-ray source?

A

1.5m

36
Q

What does the term justification mean in the context of decision whether or not to take a dental radiograph?

A

Taking the radiograph must have sufficient benefit to the individual in order to offset the detriment

37
Q

What does ALARP stand for?

A

As low as reasonably practical

38
Q

Name two characteristics of biofilm ECM that confers resistance from antimicrobial agents

A

Biofilms produce an LPS protective barrier
Biofilms impair diffusion of antimicrobials

39
Q

Name two important bacteria clearly implicated in periodontal disease, based on Socransky’s red disease complex

A

P. gingivalis
T. forsythia

40
Q

Name two bacteria associated with caries development

A

S. mutans
A.a.

41
Q

What two key features enable cariogenic organisms to stick to enamel surfaces and autoaggregate, and to survive within an acidic environment?

A

Glucans - attach to enamel
ATPase - controls the pH

42
Q

Name two systemic diseases that have been shown to be associated with periodontal biofilms

A

Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes mellitus

43
Q

In the correct order, what are the 5 core stages of the washer-disinfect or cycle and what are their functions?

A

Pre wash - removes gross contamination
Main wash - detergent is added to remove biological matter
Rinse - removes residual contamination
Thermal disinfection - actively kills microorganisms with heated water
Drying - uses hot air to remove moisture

44
Q

What does PICO stand for?

A

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

3 past papers (10 decks)

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