Pediatric Exam

Question 1

Length of gestational period

Answer 1

38-40 weeks

Question 2

Length of perinatal period

Answer 2

last 2 months of pregnancy and first 4 weeks after delivery

Question 3

Length of neonatal period

Answer 3

the first 4 weeks after birth

Question 4

Name the three main fetal to neonate transitions

Answer 4

cardiovascular, respiratory, temperature

Question 5

APGAR scores for stable infant

Answer 5

7-10 excellent condition

Question 6

APGAR scores that require stimulation and O2

Answer 6

4-6 moderately depressed

Question 7

APGAR scores that require assisted ventilation and possible cardiopulmonary support

Answer 7

0-3 severly depressed

Question 8

Normal hgb for newborn

Answer 8

16-17g/dl, therefore ruddy

Question 9

mottled skin appearance that will disappear over time

Answer 9

Cutis Marmorata

Question 10

white to yellow waxy covering in newborns, most abundant in the creases and flexor surfaces

Answer 10

Vernix Caseosa

Question 11

downy hair covering the body, more common with prematurity

Answer 11

Lanugo

Question 12

Benign rash characterized by fleeting erythematous papules and pustules filled with eosinophils. Usually predominates on face and chest.

Answer 12

Erythema toxicum

Question 13

Usually benign flat red markings on upper eyelids, in the area above the nose sometimes extending to the forehead, and/or on the back of the neck

Answer 13

Nevus Flammeus, Vascular Nevi, Salmon patches

Question 14

permanent discolorations of the skin. On occasion are associated with arteriovenous malformations

Answer 14

Port-Wine Stain

Question 15

small yellow papules that are often seen over the nose and cheek; these disappear spontaneously

Answer 15

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

Question 16

white papules that disappear without treatment within a few weeks

Answer 16

Milia

Question 17

acne appearance likely from maternal hormonal influence, may take several months to disappear

Answer 17

Acne Neonatorum

Question 18

bluish black macular lesions usually over lumbrosacral area. Seen in most native American, black, and Asian infants

Answer 18

Mongolian spots

Question 19

elevated collections of capillaries, variable appearance. If on eyelid require opthalmo consult

Answer 19

Strawberry or capillary hemangiomas

Question 20

This is a collection of larger blood vessels, usually much larger than strawberry hemangiomas and bluish in color. Associated with thrombocytopenia

Answer 20

Cavernous Hemangioma

Question 21

Normal head circumference of newborn

Answer 21

34-35 cm

Question 22

What does an increased head circumference > 2 standard deviations indicate?

Answer 22

hydrocephalus

Question 23

How much smaller should the head be than the chest circumferenc in full-term baby?

Answer 23

should be 1-2.5cm smaller than the head

Question 24

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

Answer 24

18-24 months of age

Question 25

When does the posterior fontanelle close?

Answer 25

by 6 weeks of age

Question 26

increased volume of CSF usually due to obstruction of this fluid into subarachnoid space

Answer 26

hydrocephalus

Question 27

boggy swelling in subcutaneous tissues which crosses the suture lines. Head compression against cervix impedes venous return, reabsorbs within 1 to 3 days

Answer 27

Caput succedaneum

Question 28

blood collected below the periosteum and therefore confined to a single bone, will NOT cross the suture line. Results from a fracture

Answer 28

Cephalohematoma

Question 29

Ping-pong ball feel of the skull. If persistent, investigate for marasmus, rickets, or syphilis

Answer 29

Craniotabes

Question 30

Syndrome characterized by eyes that slant upwards, sloping forehead, low-set ears

Answer 30

Down’s

Question 31

Syndrome characterized by small eyes, wide/flat nasal bridge, lack groove between lip and nose

Answer 31

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 32

Syndrome charactrized by small chin that may predispose to respiratory obstruction

Answer 32

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 33

Exam finding that may indicate aortic valve abnormalities or facial nerve palsy

Answer 33

asymmetry of face while crying

Question 34

Avg respiratory rate for newborns

Answer 34

40 rpm

Question 35

Avg pulse for newborn

Answer 35

120-180

Question 36

What condition may be present if femoral pulses are diminished in infant?

Answer 36

coarctation of the aorta

Question 37

condition where the urethral meatus is displaced proximally on ventral aspect of penis

Answer 37

hypospadias. Do not circumcise, needed for repair

Question 38

Genitalia surgical emergency in infants

Answer 38

Anal atresia—imperforate anus

Question 39

an inturning of a finger, usually the fifth, which can be seen with Down syndrome

Answer 39

Clinodactyly

Question 40

forefoot adduction, usually from intrauterine crowding

Answer 40

Metatarsus Adductus

Question 41

often seen in conjunction with metatarsus adductus, again from intrauterine crowding

Answer 41

Internal tibial torsion

Question 42

combination of metatarsus adductus, varus deformity, and shortening of the Achilles tendon

Answer 42

Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)

Question 43

Normal degree of hip abduction in infant

Answer 43

180 degrees at birth, and at least 120 degrees in subsequent exams

Question 44

How long is a positive Babinski sign considered a normal finding?

Answer 44

in infants < 6 months of age

Question 45

one of the upper extremities flaccid usually secondary to difficult delivery

Answer 45

Brachial plexus palsies

Question 46

Reflex that is tested by touching base of toes causes toes to curl downward

Answer 46

plantar reflex

Question 47

Condition associated with intrauterine crowding

Answer 47

developmental dysplasia of the hip