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Flashcards in 20th century Deck (37)
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1
Q

How did social class change in the 20th century?

A
In the first half there was still a class divide
Second half class less obvious and there was greater equality between classes
2
Q

How was sport divided by class?

A

Amateurs and professionals for the first half but less so towards end as boundaries became more blurred (more equality)

3
Q

Who had the right to leisure?

A

Upper class as they had more time and money. Have exclusive sports like polo

4
Q

What role did upper class have in boxing?

A

Sponsors

5
Q

What schools did upper class children attend?

A

Public/independent/grammar schools

Given more sporting opportunity

6
Q

What class was amateurism dominated by?

A

Middle class. Looked down on working class but increasingly played sport with them eg cricket.

7
Q

What roles did the middle class have in sport?

A

Participating (amateurs)
Social networking and status eg golf
Ran private clubs
Ran NGBs

8
Q

What schools did the middle class go to?

A

Grammar schools so had more opportunities and provisions for sport

9
Q

What class were professionals?

A

Working class

10
Q

What class are associated with darts?

A

Working class as they went to pubs to play sports such as darts and pool

11
Q

What class was mainly responsible for spectatorism?

A

Working class, less time and money so may not be able to afford to participate but could afford to spectate

12
Q

What happened to spectatorism during the economic depression and recession?

A

Decreased as clubs went bankrupt and working class couldn’t afford to spectate

13
Q

What happened to equality between classes at the end of the century?

A
Greater equality.
More social mobility (from working class to professional footballer)
14
Q

What is the main point of gender?

A

Still male dominated at all levels but opportunities for women had increased

15
Q

What was gender discrimination like at the start of the century?

A
Participation had fallen drastically in 1900 especially for working class women.
Professionals watched mainly by men.
Working class women excluded from professional sport by constraint of time and money.
16
Q

How did gender discrimination change in the 20th century?

A

WW1 and 2 meant women took over in jobs that men thought they couldn’t do
1960s women’s liberation movement, increase participation
1980s feminist movement - equal pay and sports federations set up

17
Q

What are some examples of how gender discrimination changed?

A

1984 first women’s olympic marathon

1983 women’s rugby union formed.

18
Q

What is the main point for law and order?

A

Sports had written codes of conduct with most cruel sports disappearing with exception to hunting/shooting by the gentry

19
Q

What was the law and order like at the start of the century?

A
Middle class didn't like professional sport as saw it as too common because of the drinking and gambling associated with it
After WW1 spectator sport became popular
Spectators well behaved - symbolised orderliness of british working class
20
Q

What was the impact to sport of WW1 and 2?

A

Negative impact on participation in sport

21
Q

What is a good example of law and order improving in sport?

A

Boxing required competitors to wear gloves and biting/kicking were outlawed

22
Q

How did law and order change in the second half of the 20th century?

A

Drugs/doping blighted athletics in the 1960s onwards due to increased pressure to win
There was a rise in hooliganism in the 1970/80s which damaged the reputation of football

23
Q

What is a good example of how doping increased in the 20th century?

A

Ben Johnson stripped of 100m gold at 1988 Seoul olympics because of doping

24
Q

What is a good example of how hooliganism started in the 20th century?

A

Heysel stadium disaster in 1985

Hillsborough disaster in 1989

25
Q

Why did athletes begin to take illegal performance enhancing drugs from 1960 onwards?

A

Money now came with winning so more pressure to win

Improved technology so easier to get/take the drugs

26
Q

What is the most important sociocultural impact on sport?

A

Education

27
Q

What is the main point for how education impacted sport?

A

Physical development became an important part of education and was crucial for the emergence of modern sport

28
Q

What are the 4 sections to talk about in how education affected sport?

A

Butler education act
National curriculum
Types of schools
Sports science

29
Q

What was the Butler education act?

A

In 1944 this introduced the physical development of children into legislation

30
Q

What was the national curriculum?

A

In 1988 PE became an important part of the national curriculum and at least 2 hours a week was compulsory

31
Q

How did the types of schools impact sport?

A

2 secondary schools, grammar and secondary technical. both had opportunities but grammar more so as emulated independent schools.
Independent and public schools had best opportunities/provisions as had most money.

32
Q

How did sports science impact sport?

A

Became academic discipline 0/A level and degree level.
Better education/technology developing sport at all levels and for disabled people.
Sport promoted through extracurricular.

33
Q

What is the main point for how time and money affected sport?

A

Gradual increase in both leisure time and money for general population. Increased opportunity, provision and participation

34
Q

How did time and money affect sport at the start of the century?

A
Upper/middle class had more leisure time for sport than working class.
Changes in working hours allowed more leisure time.
Pubs were the focal point for working class Eg darts
35
Q

What sports flourished inside pubs?

A

Darts, billiards and dominoes.

36
Q

What happened to time and money’s effect on sport at the end of the century?

A

More time and money for working class but still issues of unemployment and poverty.
Some sports still unaffordable (golf)
Municipal facilities made for working class, private clubs for upper/middle.
Sending kid to independent school with better sport unaffordable for most.

37
Q

How did transport affect development of sport?

A

Cars widespread, travel to train, compete and spectate.
Cheap air travel, globalisation of sport.
Can train/compete abroad.
Officials/coaches/players can travel so easier access to the olympics and world cup tournaments.