Ethics and deviance Flashcards
What is the definition of ethics?
Rules that dictate an individuals conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on.
What is the definition of deviance?
A word that describes unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from perceived social or legal norm is seen as deviant.
What is blood doping?
The misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase one’s red blood cell count (WADA)
How does blood doping work?
2 pints of blood are removed from the body.
The blood is frozen until 1-2 days before competition.
The blood is thawed / injected back into the body.
Increases red blood cell count.
Allows performer to use extra Oxygen to be transported to working muscles without use of anaerobic energy system.
Commonly used by endurance athlete.
What are the side effects of blood doping?
Increased blood viscosity. Increased risk of heart attack. Pulmonary embolism. Cerebral embolism. Stroke.
What are examples of performance enhancing drugs?
Anabolic steroids - Enables athletes to train harder / longer, increasing strength and aggression.
Beta blockers - Control heart rate, keep athletes calm.
Stimulants - Increases alertness.
When would anabolic steroids be used?
Oscar Pistorius, weight lifting, shot put, sprinting
When would beta blockers be used?
Archery, darts, snooker, precision sports
When would stimulants be used?
Team sports
What are advantages of legal supplements?
They are accepted by sports administrators. Slightly enhance performance.
Can build muscle, increase stamina, control weight, improve flexibility or aid recovery.
What are the disadvantages of legal supplements?
Some argue it is unfair as not everyone has equal access to supplements.
They could present health risks to performers.
They can contain banned substances or be contaminated in manufacturing process.
May cause long term health problems.
What are some examples of legal supplements?
Vitamins and minerals Bicarbonate Creatine Carbohydrate powders and gels Energy bars Recovery formulas Sports drinks
What are the 4 reasons athletes take illegal drugs?
Pressure to succeed
Political pressure
Monetary pressure
Everyone else is taking them.
How does pressure to succeed cause athletes to use illegal drugs
Pressure from coaches, friends, family, other performers, the athlete themselves.
Lack of understanding.
Physiological pressure - weight/injury
Psychological pressure - anxiety
How does political pressure cause athletes to use illegal drugs?
To gain status for their nation
State sponsored doping
eg Russia athletics scandal in 2015
How does monetary pressure cause athletes to use illegal drugs?
Potential earning capacity from successful performance.
Lucrative sponsorship deals.
Financial stability for life.
How does the fact other athletes use illegal drugs cause athletes to use illegal drugs?
Some believe drug taking is so prevalent in some sports such as cycling that it should be accepted as part of the sport.
What is an example of pressure to succeed causing an athlete to use illegal drugs?
Dwain Chambers
What 3 things can the consequences of drugs and doping be related to?
Performers
Sport
Society
What are the negative consequences of taking illegal drugs to performers?
Severe dangers to health and well being. Suspicion of other athletes Questioning of own clean performance Legal implication (custodial sentences, fines) Lifetime bans from competitions Bringing a sport into disrepute
What are the positive consequences of taking illegal drugs to performers?
Fame/fortune
Improved performance
What are the negative consequences of taking illegal drugs to sport?
Sports associated with drug taking are tainted. Struggle for sponsorship. Loss of public support. Results that can't be trusted. Disaffected population. Negative role models.
What are the positive consequences of taking illegal drugs to sport?
More thorough education programmes in place.
New scientific methods needed to detect illegal substances, so better technology.
What are the negative consequences of taking illegal drugs to society?
Corrupt society. Unethical citizens. Win-at-all costs mentality. Political leaders and role models reinforcing this mentality. Cynical society.
