2.1 Celiac Trunk & Targets

Question 1

Where does the celiac trunk branch off the abdominal aorta?

Answer 1

Immediately below aortic hiatus of diaphragm

Question 2

The arterial supply to the esophagus is the esophageal a. via the …

Answer 2

L gastric a. (from celiac trunk)

Question 3

The esophageal vein drains into…

Answer 3

either inferiorly into gastric v. –> hepatic portal v. OR superiorly into azygos system (systemic –> VC)

Question 4

exit from the stomach to the duodenum is guarded by the …

Answer 4

pyloric sphincter

Question 5

What are the branches off the celiac trunk?

Answer 5

Splenic a., L gastric a. and Common hepatic a.

Question 6

the right gastric a. supplies part of the lesser curvature of the stomach via the …

Answer 6

Common hepatic a. or proper hepatic a.

Question 7

What artery supplies the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 7

short gastric a. via splenic a.

Question 8

What artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 8

L and R gastro-omental a.

Question 9

What gives off the L gastro-omental a?

Answer 9

splenic a

Question 10

What gives of the R gastro-omental a?

Answer 10

gastroduodenal a.

Question 11

Where do the L and R gastric veins drain into after draining the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 11

directly into the hepatic portal v.

Question 12

Where does the L gastro-omental v. drain into?

Answer 12

splenic v.

Question 13

Where does the R gastro-omental v. drain into?

Answer 13

Superior mesenteric v.

Question 14

Peptic ulcers lead to a risk of wall perforation and damage to what nearby structures?

Answer 14

Pancreas and splenic a.

Question 15

protrusion of portion of the stomach superiorly through esophageal hiatus

Answer 15

Hiatial hernia

Question 16

At what level of ribs is the spleen?

Answer 16

ribs 9-12

Question 17

What is the role of the spleen?

Answer 17

lymphatic organ, and also recycles heme from RBCs

Question 18

What are the metabolic functions of the liver?

Answer 18

stores glycogen, and produces bile

Question 19

The liver is suspended from the diaphragm by…

Answer 19

coronary ligament

Question 20

The liver is anchored to the anterior wall by …

Answer 20

falciform ligament

Question 21

What lobe of the liver is inferior and between the round ligament and the gallbladder?

Answer 21

quadrate

Question 22

What lobe of the liver is superior and between the ligament venosum and the IVC?

Answer 22

caudate

Question 23

in adults this represents remnants of fetal shunt & links ligament teres (round ligament of the liver) with IVC

Answer 23

Ligamentum venosum

Question 24

Short hepatic veins drain the liver posteriorly into …

Answer 24

IVC

Question 25

The hepatic portal v is primarily a merger of what 2 veins?

Answer 25

splenic and superior mesenteric v.

Question 26

The hepatic portal v is formed by what major unpaired veins from the foregut?

Answer 26

splenic v. and gastric vv.

Question 27

The hepatic portal v is formed by what major vein from the midgut?

Answer 27

SMV

Question 28

The hepatic portal v is formed by what major vein from the hindgut?

Answer 28

IMV

Question 29

What are the veins of the collateral pathways that will reverse their flow from the hepatic portal v. to the IVC, if flow to the liver is compromised?

Answer 29

esophageal vv, paraumbilical vv. colic vv. and rectal vv.

Question 30

Blockage of BF into the liver increases pressure upstream, forcing blood into portal-systemic anastomoses, causing what?

Answer 30

portal hypertension

Question 31

portal hypertension leads to dangerous pressure in small vessels, what is this common side effect?

Answer 31

esophageal varices

Question 32

Increased BP in visceral capillary beds = edema, leads to fluid builds up in peritoneal cavity, can lead to peritonitis, and renal failure, this is known as...

Answer 32

Ascites

Question 33

Blood processed by the liver collects in ...

Answer 33

3 short hepatic veins and drains into IVC

Question 34

R and L hepatic ducts merge to form?

Answer 34

common hepatic duct

Question 35

Common hepatic duct merges with .... to form ...

Answer 35

cystic duct (from gallbladder) to form common bile duct

Question 36

Common bile duct merges with ... at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 36

main pancreatic duct

Question 37

Where does the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct merge?

Answer 37

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 38

What causes bile to backup through cystic duct and fill the gallbladder?

Answer 38

closure of sphincter at major duodenal papilla

Question 39

What artery (off of what a.) supplies the gallbladder?

Answer 39

cystic a. (branch of R. hepatic a.)

Question 40

General flow of the lymphatics from the lateral foregut is into what lymph nodes?

Answer 40

splenic lymph nodes (left) and pyloric lymph nodes (right)

Question 41

All lymphatics of the foregut collect in ...

Answer 41

celiac nodes (at base of celiac trunk)

Question 42

lymphatics flow superiorly into ..., which collects all lymphatics inferior to the diaphragm

Answer 42

cisterna chyli (start of thoracic duct)

Question 43

PSNS: vagal trunks (from each vagus n) supply ....

Answer 43

foregut and midgut

Question 44

PSNS: preganglionic fibers from the lateral grey horn of the sacral (S2-S4) spinal cord via. what nerve supply hindgut

Answer 44

pelvic splanchnic n.

Question 45

preganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the sympathetic trunk to form ...

Answer 45

thoracic or lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 46

thoracic or lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse with ...

Answer 46

prevertebral ganglia

Question 47

visceral afferent fibers (sensory) follow sympathetic pathways retrograde through pre vertebral ganglia up thoracic or lumbar splanchnic nerves to spinal segments, therefore pain is typically ...

Answer 47

poorly localized across broad dermatomes