4.4 Larynx

Question 1

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages?

Answer 1

thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis

Question 2

What are the 3 paired cartilages?

Answer 2

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Question 3

What part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with cricoid cartilage?

Answer 3

inferior horns of thyroid cartilage

Question 4

What attaches to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage? (3)

Answer 4

sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and inferior constrictor mm.

Question 5

What does the cricoid cartilage have superior articular facets for?

Answer 5

arytenoid cartilages

Question 6

Where is the inferior end of the epiglottis attached?

Answer 6

back of thyroid cartilage via thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 7

What tethers the epiglottis to the root of the tongue and facilitates epiglottic closure during swallowing?

Answer 7

glossoepiglottic ligament (median glossoepiglottic fold)

Question 8

What do the anterior vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages give attachment to?

Answer 8

vocal ligament and vocalis m.

Question 9

What do the posterolateral muscular processes give attachment to?

Answer 9

thyroarytenoid, lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid mm.

Question 10

Contraction of musculature results in swiveling of arytenoid cartilages to modify shape and size of …., to control …

Answer 10

glottis, to control phonation

Question 11

What cartilage sits ontop of the arytenoid cartilages, and are within the aryepiglottic folds?

Answer 11

corniculate cartilages

Question 12

What cartilages are enclosed in the aryepiglottic folds but do not articulate with other laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 12

cuneiform cartilages

Question 13

Why is the thyrohyoid membrane important for swallowing?

Answer 13

allows for elevation of larynx during swallowing for passage of bolus

Question 14

What extends from the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage?

Answer 14

Vocal ligament

Question 15

What is the upper border of the conus elastics?

Answer 15

vocal ligament

Question 16

What extends from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage (lateral aspect of corniculate cartilage)?

Answer 16

vestibular ligament

Question 17

What 3 ligaments form the conus elastics (cricovocal ligament)?

Answer 17

cricothyroid, median cricothyroid, and vocal ligaments

Question 18

Extends from the laryngeal inlet to the false vocal fold (vestibular folds)

Answer 18

vestibule of the larynx

Question 19

Extend between the false vocal fold (ventricular fold) and the true vocal fold (vocal fold)

Answer 19

ventricles of the larynx

Question 20

The space between the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages and the narrowest portion of the laryngeal cavity

Answer 20

rima glottidis

Question 21

extend from the rima glottidis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 21

infraglottic cavity

Question 22

extend from the thyroid cartilage above the vocal ligament to the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 22

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

Question 23

Extend from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 23

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Question 24

The rima glottides is wide during…

Answer 24

inspiration

Question 25

The rima glottides is narrow during ...

Answer 25

expiration

Question 26

What are the tensors of the larynx? (2)

Answer 26

cricothyroid m., and vocalis m.

Question 27

What is the innervation of the cricothyroid m.?

Answer 27

external laryngeal branch from sup. laryngeal n.

Question 28

What other actions does the vocalis m. have on the larynx besides tensing it?

Answer 28

adducts and relaxes (to modulate pitch)

Question 29

What is cut in an emergency cricothyrotomy?

Answer 29

median cricothyroid ligament

Question 30

What mucosal folds bound the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 30

aryepiglottic folds

Question 31

What muscle abducts the larynx?

Answer 31

posterior cricoarytenoid m.

Question 32

What muscles adduct the larynx? (6)

Answer 32

lateral cricoarytenoid m., transverse and oblique arytenoid mm., aryepiglottic m., thyroarytenoid m., thyroepiglottic m.

Question 33

What muscle is a weak adductor, pulls epiglottis downward closing laryngeal inlet (during swallowing)

Answer 33

aryepiglottic m.

Question 34

What weak adductor m. also relaxes the vocal cords (pulls arytenoids anteriorly)?

Answer 34

thyroarytenoid m.

Question 35

Most of the blood is delivered by what artery (upper larynx)?

Answer 35

superior laryngeal a.

Question 36

What is the superior laryngeal a. a branch of?

Answer 36

superior thyroid a. from ECA

Question 37

Where does the lower larynx receive blood from?

Answer 37

inferior laryngeal a.

Question 38

What is the inferior laryngeal a. a branch off of?

Answer 38

inferior thyroid a. from thyrocervical trunk

Question 39

What innervates the mucosa over the vestibular folds (false) and the ventricle?

Answer 39

internal laryngeal n.

Question 40

What innervates the laryngeal vestibule mucosa?

Answer 40

internal laryngeal n.

Question 41

What innervates the mucosa of the infraglottic cavity?

Answer 41

inferior laryngeal n.

Question 42

What type of nerve is the internal laryngeal n., sensory/motor/mixed?

Answer 42

sensory to mucous membranes above vocal cords

Question 43

What type of nerve is the external laryngeal n., sensory/motor/mixed, and what does it innervate?

Answer 43

Motor - cricothyroid m. and inf. constrictor mm.

Question 44

What artery accompanies the external laryngeal n.?

Answer 44

sup. thyroid a.

Question 45

What type of nerve is the inferior laryngeal n., sensory/motor/mixed, and what does it innervate?

Answer 45

mixed: motor - all intrinsic m. of larynx except cricothyroid; sensory - below vocal cord

Question 46

How would a unilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal n. present?

Answer 46

hoarseness

Question 47

How would a bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal n. present?

Answer 47

breathlessness

Question 48

What vein and artery must be avoided in a tracheostomy?

Answer 48

inferior thyroid veins, and thyroid ima a.

Question 49

In children, what organ must be avoided when performing a tracheostomy?

Answer 49

thymus