4.5 Oral Cavity

Question 1

What is the role of the soft palate in swallowing?

Answer 1

Elevates and closes off pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing

Question 2

What is the action and innervation of the Hyoglossus m.?

Answer 2

depresses tongue (CN XII)

Question 3

What is the action and innervation of the Styloglossus m.?

Answer 3

Retracts and elevates tongue (CN XII)

Question 4

What is the action and innervation of the Genioglossus m.?

Answer 4

protrudes tongue (CN XII)

Question 5

What is the action of the longitudinal intrinsic mm. of the tongue?

Answer 5

shorten and thicken tongue

Question 6

What is the action of the transverse intrinsic mm. of the tongue?

Answer 6

narrow and thicken tongue

Question 7

What is the action of the vertical intrinsic mm. of the tongue?

Answer 7

flatten and broaden tongue

Question 8

What nerve provides most of the motor innervation of the soft palate?

Answer 8

CN X

Question 9

What muscle (soft palate) is not innervated by CN X?

Answer 9

tensor veli palatini (CN V3)

Question 10

What vessel is primarily responsible for sublingual absorption of drugs?

Answer 10

deep lingual v. (intimately accompanies hypoglossal n.)

Question 11

Where would a malignant tumor from the root of the tongue metastasize?

Answer 11

superior deep cervical nodes (posterior 1/3), close relation to IJV

Question 12

Where would a malignant tumor from the tip of the tongue metastasize?

Answer 12

submental nodes –> deep cervical nodes

Question 13

Where would a malignant tumor from the middle of the tongue (post part of ant. 2/3) metastasize?

Answer 13

contralaterally drained by inferior cervical nodes

Question 14

Where would a malignant tumor from the lateral aspects of the tongue metastasize?

Answer 14

submandibular nodes

Question 15

Where would a malignant tumor from the middle section of the lower lip travel?

Answer 15

submental –> deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 16

In the innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands, where do the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies originate and what nerve do they travel via?

Answer 16

Superior salivatory nucleus and travel via chorda tympani n. (CN VII)

Question 17

In the innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands, what n. does the chorda tympani (CN VII) travel with and where does it synapse?

Answer 17

lingual n. (CN V3) and synapses in submandibular ganglion

Question 18

What nerve crosses the submandibular duct in the floor of the mouth?

Answer 18

lingual n. crosses under

Question 19

Where does the submandibular duct open?

Answer 19

sublingual caruncle (lateral to frenulum of tongue)

Question 20

Where do sublingual ducts open?

Answer 20

15-20 short ducts along the sublingual fold (medial surface of the mandible)

Question 21

What is the taste pathway to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 21

chorda tympani (VII) from taste buds on lingual papillae (Fungiform and foliate)

Question 22

What is the taste pathway to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 22

glossopharyngeal n. (IX) for both general and special senses- taste buds on large valuate papillae along the sulcus terminals

Question 23

What demarcates the anterior 2/3rd from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 23

sulcus terminalis (“v” shaped)

Question 24

What does the lingual n. pass lateral to after entering the sublingual space? (so does CN XII and lingual v.)

Answer 24

hyoglossus m.

Question 25

What does the lingual n. pass over in the sublingual space and what does it do?

Answer 25

over the deep (superior) part of the submandibular gland where it suspends the submandibular ganglion?

Question 26

How would a pt present with a CN XII lesion?

Answer 26

Genioglossus m. = unilateral denervation –> tongue divates to affected side.
Hyoglossus m. = unable to depress tongue
Styloglossus m. = unable to retract and elevate tongue
Intrinsic mm. = unable to modify shape of tongue

Question 27

How would a pt present with a CN X lesion?

Answer 27

levator veli palatini m. = unable to elevate soft palate; unilateral denervation –> uvula deviates away from affected side.
Palatoglossus m. = unable to elevate tongue and depress soft palate during mastication
Palatopharyngeus m. = unable to elevate pharynx during swallowing

Question 28

How would a pt present with a CN IX lesion?

Answer 28

Loss of taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue and sensation in posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharynx, loss of gag reflex, loss of parotid gland function (dry mouth)

Question 29

What passes medial (deep) to hyoglossus m.?

Answer 29

lingual a.

Question 30

What comes of the lingual a. immediately before it passes deep to hyoglossus m.?

Answer 30

dorsal lingual a.

Question 31

What is the name of 1 of the 2 terminal branches of the lingual a. that passes dorsally on the lateral surface of the tongue?

Answer 31

deep lingual a.

Question 32

What is the name of 1 of the 2 terminal branches of the lingual a. that supplies the lower part of tongue and sublingual gland?

Answer 32

sublingual a.

Question 33

What does the lingual v. intimately accompany?

Answer 33

hypoglossal n.

Question 34

The hypoglossal n. (XII) enters the sublingual space by passing over …

Answer 34

the posterior margin of mylohyoid m.

Question 35

What is the relation of CN XII to the submandibular gland?

Answer 35

passes medial to it