2.1-Digestive & Endocrine Systems - part 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Why does caffeine often cause rapid bowel movements?
Caffeine stimulates gastrointestinal motility, which can lead to quicker bowel transit and the urge to defecate shortly after consumption.
What are polyols, and why can they cause digestive issues?
Polyols are sugar alcohols that are poorly absorbed in the gut, leading to fermentation by bacteria. This causes gas, bloating, and a laxative effect, especially in sensitive individuals or IBS sufferers.
How does stress influence IBS symptoms?
Stress affects the gut-brain axis, leading to increased pain sensitivity, bloating, and motility issues in IBS. Stress management can significantly improve symptoms.
What is the role of the liver in bile production?
The liver synthesizes bile from cholesterol, which aids in the emulsification and digestion of dietary fats. Bile is stored in the gallbladder until needed.
Which nutrients are stored in the liver?
The liver stores glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.
What is gluconeogenesis and when does it occur?
Gluconeogenesis is the process of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and lactic acid, especially during fasting or low carbohydrate intake.
How does the liver detoxify the body?
The liver processes drugs, hormones, and toxins into inactive forms for excretion via bile or urine.
What is NAFLD and why is it significant?
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease occurs without alcohol intake and contributes to insulin resistance and elevated blood lipids like triglycerides and LDL cholesterol.
How do kidneys regulate electrolyte balance?
Kidneys filter blood, selectively reabsorbing or excreting electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium to maintain homeostasis.
What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Increased blood osmolality (concentration) triggers ADH release, which signals kidneys to reabsorb water, concentrating the urine and retaining body water.
How do kidneys influence blood pressure?
By controlling water and sodium retention, kidneys directly affect blood volume and pressure.
How do kidneys help maintain blood pH?
They excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, using ammonia and glutamine to buffer acidity and maintain pH balance.
Is a high-protein diet harmful to liver or kidney health in healthy individuals?
No, a 12-month RCT showed that 3g/kg/day of protein did not harm liver or kidney function or blood lipid levels in healthy individuals.
Which digestive enzyme breaks down protein?
Protease
Which substance, produced by the body, emulsifies fat?
Bile
True or False? If a client suffers from supine reflux, you would recommend eating a meal earlier in the evening rather than just before they go to bed.
True
Which of the following statements is true?
A. If an individual’s ghrelin increases, their appetite will decrease
B. If an individual’s peptide YY increases, their appetite will increase
C. If an individual’s CCK increases, their appetite will increase
D. If an individual’s ghrelin increases, their appetite will increase
D. If an individual’s ghrelin increases, their appetite will increase
True or False? A high fat diet is recommended to reduce the symptoms of gallstones.
False
Which organ secretes the hormone glucagon?
A. Gall bladder
B. Small intestine
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
D. Pancreas
Complete the following sentence.
If blood glucose is ________, insulin is released. If blood glucose is _______, glucagon is released.
High
Low
A reduction in caffeine is a recommendation for people who suffer with what?
IBS-D
Dysbiosis
When gut bacteria is imbalanced.
Deamination
The removal of amino group from an amino acid
Detoxification
Occurs in the liver
