2.5 - The Fundamentals of Protein - Biochemistry & Metabolism Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the two types of amino acids in proteins?
Essential (must be obtained from the diet) and Non-Essential (can be synthesized by the body).
What is the largest contributor to whole-body protein synthesis?
The gut.
What is the general recommended protein intake for the average adult?
0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.
What are the protein needs for strength athletes aiming for maximal muscle growth?
Up to 2.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.
True or False: The body can only absorb 20-30 grams of protein at a time.
False. The body can absorb more than that, though its use for muscle protein synthesis may vary.
What are the benefits of whey protein?
It is low-calorie, high-protein, beneficial for weight loss, elderly individuals, and athletes for recovery.
What is the process by which whey protein is made?
It is a by product of cheese-making, where milk is separated into casein (curds) and whey (liquid), which is then dried into protein powder.
What is the myth regarding high protein intake and kidney health?
The myth is that high protein intake harms kidney function, which is untrue for healthy individuals.
For elderly individuals, what is an important consideration when planning their protein intake?
They need larger protein boluses per meal to overcome anabolic resistance.
How should protein intake be adjusted for athletes?
Athletes should consume more protein, particularly around training sessions, to support muscle recovery and growth.
Nitrogen is only found in one macronutrient - which?
Protein
What could you recommend to a vegetarian client to help them consume a complete profile of amino acids across the day?
Combine food sources
The daily recommendation of 0.8g/kg protein should be used for which of the following client goals?
A. Optimal health
B. Weight loss
C. Muscle gain
D. Performance
E. All of the above
F. None of the above
F. None of the above
In which of the following client scenarios would Branched Chain Amino Acid supplementation be essential?
A. A 40-year old omnivorous bodybuilder
B. A 24-year old vegetarian triathlete
C. A 75-year old sedentary grandparent
D. A 20-year old pescatarian office worker
E. None of the above (BCAA supplementation is never essential)
E. None of the above - BCAA supplementation is never essential
If 100g of chicken breast contains 24g protein, how much protein does 125g of chicken breast contain?
30g
How many Calories are there in 1 gram of protein?
4Kcal per gram
In protein metabolism, what is the name of the process by which an amine group is removed and converted to ammonia?
Deamination
Identify the branched-chain amino acids from the list.
Select one:
A. Leucine, Isoleucine, Arginine
B. Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine
C. Glutamine, Arginine, Tryptophan
D. Leucine, Glutamine, Lysine
B. Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine
There are 20 amino acids in total, 9 essential and 11 non-essential. Select any essential amino acids from the list below.
A. Lysine
B. Valine
C. Alanine
D. Leucine
E. Proline
F. Tryptophan
G. Glutamine
Lysine
Valine
Leucine
Tryptophan
Which of the following is a complete protein source?
A. Pasta
B. Spinach
C. Almonds
D. Whey protein
E. Broccoli
Whey protein
What is gluconeogenesis?
when a non-carbohydrate substrate can be broken down and used to create glucose.
What are some of the benefits of dietary protein? (Select all that apply)
A. Supports muscle mass maintenance during a calorie deficit
B. Supports recovery from exercise
C. Supports a healthy immune system
D. Reduces mitochondrial capacity
A. Supports muscle mass maintenance during a calorie deficit
B. Supports recovery from exercise
C. Supports a healthy immune system
True or False?
Age-related sarcopenia is the result of a concurrent increase in muscle protein breakdown and reduction in muscle protein synthesis.
False
