2.1 - DNA and RNA

Question 1

RNA structure

Answer 1

a single stranded molecule of one polynucletide strand - much shorter than DNA strands

Question 2

What is RNA composed of? (3)

Answer 2

ribose
AUGC base
phosphate group

Question 4

What are purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 4

• larger bases that contain two carbon ring structures (Adenine and Guanine)
• smaller bases that contain one carbon ring structure (Thymine and Cytosine)

Question 5

What does weak hydrogen bonds allow for?

Answer 5

allows strands to separate in DNA replication

Question 6

What does complementary base pairing allow?

Answer 6

accurate DNA replication

Question 7

What does a double helix allow for?

Answer 7

makes the molecule compact

Question 8

What does a large molecule do?

Answer 8

stores a lot of information

Question 8

What does a double strand do?

Answer 8

acts as a template in DNA replication

Question 9

What does a sugar-phosphate backbone do?

Answer 9

protects coding bases on the inside of the helix

Question 10

How are phosphodiester bonds broken?

Answer 10

Hydrolysis reactions - releases the nucleotide monomers

Question 11

What does a chain of phosphates and sugars form?

Answer 11

a sugar phosphate backbone

Question 13

Main components of nucleotides (3):

Answer 13

Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group

Question 14

What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?

Answer 14

nucleotides are the monomers and can form dinucleotides and polynucleotides