2.1.2 Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is a monomer?

Answer 1

Small basic molecular unit which can bind to other identical monomers to form a polymer.

Question 2

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

Large complex molecules made of long chains of monomers joined together.

Question 3

What is a diner?

Answer 3

Lots of similar units joined together

Question 4

What atoms are made up from: carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, ixygen

Question 5

What atoms are made up from: proteins?

Answer 5

Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulphur

Question 6

What atoms are made up from: nucleic acids?

Answer 6

Phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen

Question 7

What atoms are made up from: lipids?

Answer 7

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 8

What is the monomer of: carbohydrate?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Question 9

What is the monomer of: proteins?

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

What is the monomer of: nucleic acids?

Answer 10

Nucleitides

Question 11

What is the monomer of: lipids?

Answer 11

Isn’t one

Question 12

What is the polymer of: carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Polysaccharide

Question 13

What is the polymer of: proteins?

Answer 13

Polypeptides

Question 14

What is the polymer of: nucleic acids?

Answer 14

DNA/ RNA

Question 15

What is the polymer of: lipids?

Answer 15

Isn’t one.

Question 16

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 16

Join molecules together, water lost and new covalent bond formed

Question 17

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 17

Split larger molecules into smaller ones, water molecules are used and covalent bonds are broken

Question 18

Glucose- What is the advantage of the feature: small?

Answer 18

Can easily move across the membrane

Question 19

Glucose- What is the advantage of the feature: easily hydrolysed?

Answer 19

To quickly release energy in respiration.

Question 20

Glucose- What is the advantage of the feature: contains OH groups?

Answer 20

So solvable in water for easy transport

Question 21

Glucose- What is the advantage of the feature: can be bonded together?

Answer 21

Can form larger storage molecules

Question 22

Glucose- What is the advantage of the feature: different isomers?

Answer 22

Gives structural integrity

Question 23

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 23

Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose

Question 24

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 24

Maltose, lactose, sucrose.

Question 25

What is this formulated from: maltose?

Answer 25

2 glucose

Question 26

What is this formulated from: lactose?

Answer 26

Glucose and galactose

Question 27

What is this formulated from: sucrose?

Answer 27

Glucose and fructose.

Question 28

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 28

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 29

I

Question 30

Polysaccharide: what are some examples of them?

Answer 30

Starch, glycogen, cellulose.

Question 31

Polysaccharide: what is the function of starch and glycogen?

Answer 31

Energy storage

Question 32

Polysaccharide: what is the role of cellulose?

Answer 32

Structural.

Question 33

Starch: what organism is the energy stored in?

Answer 33

Plants

Question 34

Starch: what are the two molecules it can form?

Answer 34

Amylose and amylopectin.

Question 35

Starch: what is the test for it and what is the positive result?

Answer 35

Iodine in solution. Goes a blue/ black colour.

Question 36

Starch- amylase: how many glycosidic link are there?

Answer 36

1-4

Question 37

Starch- amylase: what does it form?

Answer 37

Helix coil.

Question 38

Starch- amylase: in the coil what bonds are there?

Answer 38

Hydrogen bonds.

Question 39

Starch- amylase: what are the properties of it?

Answer 39

Compact, store large amounts.

Question 40

Starch- amylopectin: between how many glycosidic bonds are there?

Answer 40

1-4 1-6

Question 41

Starch- amylopectin: what links make amylopectin branches?

Answer 41

1-6

Question 42

Starch- amylopectin: what makes it able to be hydralised faster?

Answer 42

More ends on the branches for enzymes to attach to. Enzymes connect at the beginnings and ends.

Question 43

Starch: what type of glucose is it made out of from?

Answer 43

Alpha glucose.

Question 44

Glycogen: what organism is it stored in?

Answer 44

Animals.

Question 45

Glycogen: what type of glucose is it made out of?

Answer 45

Alpha glucose.

Question 46

Glycogen: what’s it very similar to?

Answer 46

Amylopectin

Question 47

Glycogen: how many glycosidic links are there and where is that number. Comparison to amylopectin?

Answer 47

1-6 More

Question 48

Glycogen: what are the major stores of it?

Answer 48

Muscle cells and liver

Question 49

Glycogen: what type of molecule is it?

Answer 49

Compact

Question 50

Glycogen: during respiration what is it converted to and by what?

Answer 50

Enzyme Glucose

Question 51

Glycogen: why does it need to convert quickly?

Answer 51

High levels of respiration in animals.

Question 52

Glycogen: is it soluble in water?

Answer 52

No

Question 53

Glycogen: can it diffuse out of a cell?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

Cellulose: what type of polysaccharide is it?

Answer 54

Structural.

Question 55

Cellulose: where is it found?

Answer 55

Plant cell walls.

Question 56

Cellulose: what type of glucose molecule is it?

Answer 56

Beta

Question 57

Cellulose: what happens to every second beta glucose molecule?

Answer 57

Flipped 180 degrees

Question 58

Cellulose: what does the formation of the chains look like?

Answer 58

Unbranded Straight chain

Question 59

Cellulose: what bonds are in between each chain?

Answer 59

Hydrogen bonds

Question 60

Cellulose: what do the hydrogen bonds do?

Answer 60

Make it strong.

Question 61

Cellulose: what is it Permeable to?

Answer 61

Water

Question 62

Cellulose: how does the cell wall work?

Answer 62

Cell Content pushes out to balance the inwards push. The cell wall can resist and becomes turgid.