Protein Synthesis.

Question 1

What is the first step in protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

What is the enzyme responsible for transcription?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Question 4

What is the product of transcription?

Answer 4

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 5

What is the second step in protein synthesis?

Answer 5

Translation

Question 6

Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Ribosome

Question 7

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Answer 7

To bring amino acids to the ribosome

Question 8

What is the start codon in mRNA?

Answer 8

AUG

Question 9

What is the function of the ribosome in translation?

Answer 9

To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 10

What is the final step in protein synthesis?

Answer 10

Protein folding

Question 11

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 11

The sequence of amino acids

Question 12

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 12

Alpha helix or beta sheet

Question 13

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 13

Overall 3D shape of the protein

Question 14

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 14

Arrangement of multiple protein subunits

Question 15

What is the genetic code?

Answer 15

The set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins

Question 16

What is a codon?

Answer 16

A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 17

What is an anticodon?

Answer 17

A three-nucleotide sequence in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA

Question 18

What is the role of the signal peptide in protein synthesis?

Answer 18

To direct the protein to the appropriate cellular location

Question 19

What is a mutation in the context of protein synthesis?

Answer 19

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in the protein sequence

Question 20

What is the role of chaperone proteins in protein folding?

Answer 20

To assist in the correct folding of proteins

Question 21

What is the importance of post-translational modifications in protein function?

Answer 21

They can alter the structure and function of proteins, affecting their activity

Question 22

What is the significance of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Answer 22

It is the site where mRNA is decoded and proteins are synthesized

Question 23

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Answer 23

Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from DNA, while translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA

Question 24

What is the role of the start codon in translation?

Answer 24

It signals the beginning of protein synthesis and specifies the amino acid methionine

Question 25

What is transcription?

Answer 25

Process of creating an RNA copy of a dna sequence.

Question 26

Why manufacturers ribosomes?

Answer 26

Nucleolus.

Question 27

What does the ribosomes make?

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

What does the RER process?

Answer 28

Proteins which are taken to the Golgi body.

Question 29

Why does the Golgi body do?

Answer 29

Further processes the proteins and sends them in vesicles to the plasma membrane.

Question 30

What do the vesicles fuse with to produce what?

Answer 30

Plasma membrane to secrete the finished protein product.

Question 31

What does the nucleus manufacture?

Answer 31

mRNA

Question 32

What does mitochondria provides?

Answer 32

ATP energy for the whole process.

Question 33

How does mRNA get out the nucleus?

Answer 33

Nuclear pore to a ribosomes.

Question 34

What happens in the RER?

Answer 34

Amino acids join together to form proteins. Packed together into vesicles and move along folds of RER towards Golgi.

Question 35

Which side does the Golgi receive the vesicles on?

Answer 35

Cis face

Question 36

How does the Golgi modify them?

Answer 36

Usually adds carbohydrate to make glycoproteins.

Question 37

Which side are the proteins release on?

Answer 37

Trans face.

Question 38

What is exocytosis?

Answer 38

Release of secretion from the cell