Water

Question 1

What type of molecule is water?

Answer 1

Polar

Question 2

What makes water a polar molecule?

Answer 2

Uneven distribution of charge within the molecule

Question 3

What makes the charge in a water molecule an uneven distribution?

Answer 3

Hydrogen atoms are more positive than the oxygen atom.

Question 4

What does water being a polar molecule mean for the molecule?

Answer 4

One end of the molecule is more positive than the other

Question 5

In metabolic reactions what is water?

Answer 5

Metabolite

Question 6

What are metabolites used in for chemical bonds?

Answer 6

Forming and breaking the bonds

Question 7

What is water in which many metabolic reactions occur?

Answer 7

Solvent

Question 8

What does it mean for water that it has a high specific heat capacity?

Answer 8

A lot of energy is required to warm water

Question 9

What is a benefit of water having a high specific capacity? What does it act as? What is it called nd what does it support?

Answer 9

Minimising temperature fluctuations in living things therefore acting as a temperature buffer?

Question 10

What does it mean that water has a relatively large/high latent het of vaporisation?

Answer 10

Evaporation of water provides a cooling effect with little water loss.

Question 11

What does strong cohesion between molecules enables and why?

Answer 11

Effective transport of water in tube-like transport cells as the strong cohesion supports columns of water.

Question 12

What is the result of strong cohesion?

Answer 12

Surface tension at the water ir boundary is high.

Question 13

What is the maximum density of water at?

Answer 13

4 degrees.

Question 14

What does it mean for the density of water?

Answer 14

Ice is less dense than water and floats on top creating an insulating layer.

Question 15

What does the 4 degree density of water mean in terms of survival?

Answer 15

Increases the chance of survival of organisms in large bodies of water as it prevents them from freezing.

Question 16

Why does water provide good support?

Answer 16

Incomprensible

Question 17

What do water molecules consist of and how are they bonded?

Answer 17

Two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom.

Question 18

Which atom in water attracts electrons more strongly and what charge does it make it?

Answer 18

Oxygen. Partially negative.

Question 19

What charge does the hydrogen particles have?

Answer 19

Partially positive

Question 20

What re hydrogen bonds?

Answer 20

Attractions between positive hydrogen end of one water molecule and the negative oxygen end of another.

Question 21

How strong are hydrogen bonds in comparison to others?

Answer 21

Relatively strong compres to other types of intermolecular forces but still weaker than covalent bonds.

Question 22

What is the range of water on liquid form?

Answer 22

0-100

Question 23

Why does water remain liquid over a large temperature range?

Answer 23

Has high melting and boiling points.

Question 24

What can water do given that it is liquid at room temperature?

Answer 24

Provide habitats for living organisms.
Form a major component of tissues in living organisms.
Provide a reaction medium for chemical reactions.
Be an effective transport medium eg: in blood and vascular tissue.

Question 25

Why does water have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 25

Strong forces of attraction between the hydrogen bonds.

Question 26

Why do substances with weak forces of attraction between the molecules melt and boil at much lower temperatures?

Answer 26

A lot less energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between the molecules, knowing the molecules to move more and change from a solid to a liquid or liquid to a gas.

Question 27

What is meant by hydrophilic?

Answer 27

Water loving.

Question 28

Give an example of a hydrophilic molecules.

Answer 28

Charged or polar molecules. Eg: salts, sugars, amino acids.

Question 29

What is meant by hydrophobic molecules?

Answer 29

Water hating.

Question 30

Give an example of hydrophobic molecules.

Answer 30

Uncharged or non polar molecules. Eg: lipids.

Question 31

Why can’t water dissolve no polar molecules?

Answer 31

No charge for the water to attract to.

Question 32

What is cohesion?

Answer 32

Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to stick together.

Question 33

What is adhesion?

Answer 33

Water molecules attracted to the wall of narrow xylem vessels for example.

Question 34

What is surface tension?

Answer 34

Molecules at the surface are only attracted to neighbouring molecules below and to the sides but not abound creating an imbalance. Surface molecules are only attracted downwards and sideways due to cohesive forces , net inward force.

Question 35

What is waters participation in in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 35

Break chemical bond between 2 molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.

Question 36

What is waters participation in in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 36

Break chemical bond between 2 molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.

Question 37

What is waters participation in condensation reactions?

Answer 37

Joins 2 molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water.