Micro Chapter 33 Flashcards
In the human immune system, the first line of defense against any microorganisms or foreign material encountered is known as A) Acquired immunity B) Adaptive immunity C) Specific immune response D) Non-specific immune response
D
In the human immune system, resistance to a particular foreign agent, based on repeated exposure to the agent, is known as A) Acquired immunity B) Innate immunity C) Natural immunity D) Non-specific host resistance
A
Substances that are recognized by the body as foreign and provoke an immune response are called A) Antibodies B) Antigens C) Cytokines D) White blood cells
B
In the immune response, antibodies A) Provoke an immune response B) Bind to specific antigens and inactivate them C) Release inflammatory chemicals D) All of the above
B
Which of the following cells function in both innate and adaptive immunity? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Skin cells D) All of the above
B
Thick, closely packed skin cells that are shed to remove microbes are called A) Epithelial cells B) Endothelial cells C) Keratinocytes D) Sweat glands
C
The function of lysozyme in mucous membranes performs which of the following functions?
A) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan
B) Reduces the amount of iron available to microbes
C) Lyses the plasma membrane
D) Damages DNA
A
The function of lactoferrin in the mucous membranes is to
A) Hydrolyze peptidoglycan
B) Reduce the amount of iron available to microbes
C) Lyse the plasma membrane
D) Damage DNA
B
Which of the following enzymes in the mucous membranes catalyzes the production of superoxide radicals that are toxic to microorganisms? A) Lysozyme B) Lactoferrin C) Lactoperoxidase D) Cryptins
C
Which of the following actions is part of the immune response in the respiratory system? A) Coughing and sneezing B) Mucociliary blanket C) Alveolar macrophages D) All of the above
D
Which of the following gastrointestinal responses is part of the nonspecific host response? A) Mucociliary blanket B) Peristalsis C) Insulin production D) Decreasing acid production
B
Which of the following is TRUE of nonspecific host defenses of the genitourinary tract?
A) Alkaline conditions controls microbial growth
B) Normal microbiota in the kidneys inhibit growth of pathogens
C) Estrogen influences production of glycogen, this is degraded by bacteria into lactic acid
D) All of the above
C
Which of the following best describes the structure of defensins?
A) Alpha-helical peptides that lack cysteine amino acid residues
B) Peptides are rich in arginine and cysteine and are disulfide linked
C) Larger peptides enriched for specific amino acids that exhibit regular structural repeats
D) Benzene ring structures
B
Antimicrobial peptides produced by normal microbiota are known as A) Cathelicidin B) Defensins C) Histamine D) Bacteriocins
D
The complement system performs which of the following functions?
A) Facilitating and enhancing phagocytosis
B) Bridging innate and adaptive immune responses
C) Disposing of immune waste products
D) All of the above
D
The coating of microorganisms by serum components, thereby preparing them for recognition and ingestion by phagocytic cells is called A) Agglutination B) Opsonization C) Differentiation D) Apoptosis
B
Which of the following complement pathways responds to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and results in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)? A) The alternative complement pathway B) The lectin complement pathway C) The classical complement pathway D) All of the above
A
