2.2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the three main memory processes?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
Define encoding in the context of memory.
Processing info into memory
What is storage in memory?
Maintaining info over time
What does retrieval refer to in memory processes?
Bringing stored info back into consciousness
What is automatic processing?
Unconscious processing of information
List types of automatic processing.
- Space
- Time
- Frequency
What is effortful processing?
Conscious repetition of information
What is the testing effect?
Improved memory after retrieving information
What is the serial position effect?
First and last items are remembered best (primacy and recency)
What is the spacing effect?
Distributing study sessions leads to better retention
What is massed practice?
Cramming information in a short period
What is distributed practice?
Spreading study sessions over time
Define the self-reference effect.
Better recall when information is related to oneself
What is chunking in memory?
Grouping info into units to aid memory
What is the multi-store model of memory?
- Sensory memory
- Short term (working) memory
- Long term memory
What is echoic memory?
Record of sound lasting 3-4 seconds
What is iconic memory?
Photographic record of sight lasting ~1/4 second
What is the duration of short term memory?
12 seconds to indefinite with rehearsal
What is the capacity of short term memory?
Seven +/- two items
What is the central executive in working memory?
Directs attention and processing
What does the phonological loop in working memory do?
Stores auditory information
What is the role of the visuospatial sketchpad?
Stores visual and spatial information
What is prospective memory?
Remembering to do something later
What is long term potentiation?
Strengthening of synaptic connections with use
