22 - Hydrocarbons Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What are Hydrocarbons?

A

A compound containing ONLY hydrogen & carbon atoms

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2
Q

What is the Homologous series?

A

A family of organic compounds that have the same general formula (but different numbers of carbon atoms) and similar chemical properties

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3
Q

What are Alkanes?

A

A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between the carbon atoms are single covalent bond

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4
Q

Give some examples of Alkanes:

A
  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
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5
Q

What is the general formula of Alkanes?

A
N is a whole number
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6
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Methane?

And what does the structure look like?

A
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7
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Ethane?

And what does the structure look like?

A
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8
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Propane?

And what does the structure look like?

A
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9
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Butane?

And what does the structure look like?

A
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10
Q

What does Saturated mean?

A

A molecule that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms in a chain

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11
Q

Why are alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons?

A

All the carbon-carbon covalent bonds are single bonds

Therefore, Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons

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12
Q

What are Alkenes?

A

A hydrocarbon in which there are one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

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13
Q

Give some examples of Alkenes:

A
  • Ethene
  • Propene
  • Butene
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14
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Ethene?

And what does the structure look like?

A
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15
Q

What’s the structure of Ethene?

A
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16
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Propene?

And what does the structure look like?

17
Q

What’s the structure of Propene?

18
Q

What’s the molecular formula of Butene?

And what does the structure look like?

19
Q

What’s the structure of But-1-ene?

20
Q

What’s the structure of But-2-ene?

21
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

A molecule that contains only one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in a chain

22
Q

What is the general formula of Alkenes?

23
Q

What does a functional group mean?

A

It’s an atom or group of atoms that is mainly responsible for a molecules chemical properties

24
Q

What is the functional group in an Alkene?

A

The carbon carbon double bond

C=C

25
Why are *alkenes* are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
**Unsaturated definition** - A molecule that contains only *one or more double* bonds between carbon atoms in a chain The molecules in Alkenes contain the functional group C=C Therefore, they are unsaturated as one / or more molecules contain *one or more double bonds*
26
What is an **Isomer**?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
27
When *Hydrocarbons* are burned what reactants are formed? | During **complete combustion**
Carbon dioxide & water
28
What is the main *Alkane* in natural gas?
Methane
29
What is **Bromine water**?
A dilute solution of bromine in water
30
What colour is **Bromine water**?
Orange - brown
31
How is *bromine water* used to distinguish *Alkenes*?
When bromine water is mixed with Alkenes a chemical reaction occurs ---> This leads to colourless products
32
How is *bromine water* used to distinguish *Alkanes*?
When bromine water is mixed with Alkanes NO chemical reaction occurs ---> Does NOT cause decolourisation
33
What is the word equation of the addition of *Ethene* and *Bromine*?
ethene + bromine ---> 1,2 - Dibromoethane
34
What is the structural formula of the addition of *Ethene* and *Bromine*?
35
What is an **Addition reaction**?
A reaction in which reactants combine to form one larger product molecule & no other products
36
During combustion, what occurs?
Oxidation