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PAPER 1 LAST MINUTE STUFF Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is an alloyed metal stronger than a pure metal?

A
  • Pure metal atoms = all same size
  • Layers slip over each other easily
  • Alloy adds metals that are different sizes
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2
Q

How would you remember the reactivity series?

A

Please stop loudly calling me a careless zebra, instead try learning how copper saves gold

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3
Q

Name the reactivity series

A
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4
Q

Describe which metals will undergo which extraction methods

A
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5
Q

Describe how you would prepare a pure, dry sample of barium sulphate from a barium chloride solution

A
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6
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of metals

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7
Q

Why are alloyed metals stronger than pure metals?

A
  • Pure metals all the atoms are the same size
  • In a pure metal, the atoms slide over each other easily
  • The other metal will disrupt the size of the pure metal
  • This will prevent the atoms from sliding over each other
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8
Q

How are metals higher than carbon extracted?

A

Using electrolysis

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9
Q

Why are metals higher than carbon extracted using electrolysis instead of being heated with carbon?

A
  • The metal is higher in the reactivity series / it is more stable
  • Electrolysis is a very powerful means of reduction
  • Carbon is not a strong enough reducing agent to produce the metal from its ore
  • Carbon can’t displace the more reactive metal
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10
Q

Advantages of Bioleaching

A

Does not require high temperatures

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11
Q

Disadvantages of Bioleaching

A
  • Toxic substances & sulfuric acid can be produced in the process
  • Damage to the environment
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12
Q

Advantages of Phytoextraction

A

Can extract metals from contaminated soils

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Phytoextraction

A
  • More expensive than mining some ores
  • Growing plants dependant on weather conditions
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14
Q

Advantages of Phytoextraction & Bioleaching

A
  • No harmful gases produced
  • Causes less damage to the landscape than mining
  • Conserves supplies of higher grade ores
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15
Q

disadvantages of Phytoextraction & Bioleaching

A

Very slow process

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16
Q

What is Bioleaching?

A

Uses bacteria grown on a low grade ore

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17
Q

What is a leachate?

A

A solution produced when water or another solvent passes through a mixture of substances and dissolves some of them

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18
Q

Describe bioleaching

A
  • Bacteria produce a leachate
  • Copper is extracted from the leachate by displacing using scrap (metal)
  • It is then purified by electrolysis
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19
Q

What is Phytoextraction?

A

Involves growing plants that absorb metal compounds
—> Plants are burnt to form ash (metal is extracted from there)

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20
Q

Which metals are extracted by heating an ore with iron?

A
  • Zinc
  • Iron
  • Copper
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21
Q

Which metals are found as a uncombined element?

A

Silver & Gold

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22
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock that contains enough of a compound to extract a metal for profit

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23
Q

What is extraction?

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A

The process of obtaining a metal from a compound

24
Q

Which metals react violently with dilute acid?

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A
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
25
Which **metals** react to form **hydrogen & a metal hydroxide** with **cold water**?
* Potassium * Sodium * Calcium
26
What does the metals **Potassium, Sodium, Calcium** produce when they react with **cold water**?
Hydrogen & metal hydroxide
27
Which **metals** react to form **hydrogen & a salt solution** with **dilute acid**?
* Calcium * Magnesium * Aluminium * Zinc * Iron
28
Which **metals reacts very slowly** with **cold water**?
* Magnesium * Aluminium * Zinc * Iron
29
What does the metals **Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron** produce when they react with **steam**?
Hydrogen & metal oxide
30
What does the metals **Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron** produce when they react with **cold water**?
Nothing
31
Which **metals** react to form **hydrogen & a metal oxide** with **steam**?
* Magnesium * Aluminium * Zinc * Iron
32
Which **metals** DOES NOT **react** with **dilute acid**?
* Copper * Silver * Gold
33
Which **metals** DOES NOT **react** with **cold water or steam**?
* Copper * Silver * Gold
34
**Advantages** of **Recycling**
* Natural reserves of metal ores will last longer * Less pollution may be produced * Mining can damage landscape - need for mining will be reduced * Less waste metal ends up in landfill sites * Less Co2
35
**Disadvantages** of **Recycling**
* High cost & energy needed for collecting, transporting & sorting metals to be recycled * Can be more expensive & require more energy to recycle than to extract a new metal
36
What is a **weak acid**?
* Partially dissociates into ions * Concentration of H+ ions is lower than expected
37
What **salts** are **insoluble**?
* Silver & lead chloride * Lead, barium & calcium sulphate * Most common carbonates * Most common hydroxides
38
What **salts** are **soluble**?
39
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Oxidising Makes flammable substances burn more fiercely
40
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Serious health hazard Breathing difficulties
41
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Moderate health hazard Skin irritation
42
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Corrosive Damages skin & clothing
43
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Harmful to environment Can cause damage to animal & plant life
44
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Toxic Could cause death if swallowed
44
What does this **hazard symbol** mean?
Flammable Catches fire easily
45
Purpose of **hazard symbols**
* Indicates the dangers associated with the substance inside * Gives information about how to work safely with the substance in the laboratory
46
What is a **precaution**?
Something that can be done to reduce a risk of harm
47
Why is **point B to C** flat?
Intermolecular bonds between particles are being broken ---> Turning from solid to liquid
48
Explain why painting *iron* objects prevents **corrosion**
49
Why the exposed iron does not rust if it was galvanised with zinc & scratched so iron is exposed
50
Give two advantages for electroplating some metal objects
51
What happens to a chemical cell if its left on for a long period of time?
* Starts bright * Gets dimmer
52
Why does the voltage of a chemical cell decrease over time?
Reactants are being used up
53
ADVANTAGES of **hydrogen oxygen fuel cells**
* Fuel cells can operate as long as reactants are supplied * Water is the only product * Fuel cells have a longer lifetime
54
DISADVANTAGES of **hydrogen oxygen fuel cells**
* Hydrogen is flammable * Hydrogen is difficult to store - gas * Fuel cells are expensive to manufacture
55
Describe titration

Chemistry (29 decks)

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