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Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck > 2.2 Meningeal Layers, Dural Folds and Dural Venous Sinuses > Flashcards

2.2 Meningeal Layers, Dural Folds and Dural Venous Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Three membranous layers that surround and protect the brain

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2
Q

Name the meningeal layers

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

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3
Q

What can be found in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF and cerebral blood vessels

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4
Q

What are the two layers of dura called?

A

Periosteal

Meningeal

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5
Q

What does separation of the dural layers create?

A

Dural folds

Dural venous sinus

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6
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?

A

Internal jugular vein

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7
Q

Name the main dural folds

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

What is the role of dural folds?

A

Help stabilise the brain

Act as rigid dividers

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9
Q

What is a problem with dural folds?

A

Rise in ICP may lead to herniation

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10
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

Venous blood filled spaces created by separation of meningeal from periosteal layer of dura

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11
Q

Where do cerebral veins within the subarachnoid space drain into?

A

Dural venous sinuses

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12
Q

What space do the bridging veins traverse?

A

Subdural space

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13
Q

What is an intracerebral haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself

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14
Q

What type of bleed is an extradural haemorrhage?

A

Arterial

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15
Q

What shape bleed does an extra dural haemorrhage produce?

A

Lens

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16
Q

What type of bleed is a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Venous

17
Q

Why does increasing age increase the likelihood of a subdural bleed?

A 
Brain shrinks 
Bridging veins (between arachnoid and dural layers) are longer and under more tension so are more easily sheared
18
Q

What shape bleed is produced by a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Banana

19
Q

What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Secondary to trauma

Spontanous rupture of a blood vessel

20
Q

What type of bleed is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Arterial

21
Q

Which vessels are usually involved in a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Circle of willis

22
Q

What happens in a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Blood leaks into the subarachnoid space, mixing with CSF

Sudden and often fatal

23
Q

What can be done if a CT is inconclusive in diagnosing a subarachnoid bleed?

A

Lumbar puncture

Look for evidence of blood degradation products

Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck (8 decks)

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