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Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck > 3.1 Major Blood Vessels of Head and Neck > Flashcards

3.1 Major Blood Vessels of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What do the subclavian and common carotid arteries arise from on the right?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

Which arteries arise from the subclavian arteries in the base of the neck?

A

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical

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3
Q

Does the common carotid artery give off any branches in the neck?

A

No

It bifurcates to give external and internal carotid arteries

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4
Q

What part of the thyrocervical trunk supplies the neck?

A

Ascending cervical and transverse cervical

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5
Q

What part of the thyrocervical trunk supplies the shoulder?

A

Suprascapular

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6
Q

What part of the thyrocervical trunk supplies the lower pole of the thyroid gland?

A

Inferior thyroid

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7
Q

What is the location of the bifurcation of the common carotid?

A

Superior border of thyroid cartilage

C4

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8
Q

How can a carotid artery atheroma cause a TIA or stroke?

A

Atheroma causes narrowing of artery

Rupture of clot can cause an embolus to travel to the brain

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9
Q

What is the carotid sinus and what does it detect?

A

Swelling at the region of bifurcation that has baroreceptors to detect changes in arterial BP

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10
Q

What does the carotid body detect?

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors which detect arterial O2

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11
Q

What can be accessed via carotid triangle for surgery?

A

Carotid arteries
IJV
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

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12
Q

How does a carotid sinus massage work?

A

Apply pressure to terminate a supra ventricular tachycardia

Stimulates vagus to slow down heart

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13
Q

Describe the route of the internal carotid artery

A

Enters the skull through the carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone
Turns medially and horizontally
Enters the cranial cavity then makes and S shaped bend
Course through cavernous sinus

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14
Q

Where can the cavernous sinus be found?

A

On either side of pituitary gland on upper surface of sphenoid

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15
Q

What is in the cavernous sinus?

A 
Internal carotid artery 
CN III Oculomotor
CN IV Trochlear 
CN VI Abducens 
CN Va Ophthalmic 
CN Vb Maxillary
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16
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the contents of the cavernous sinus?

A

O TOM CAT

17
Q

What is the first brach of the internal carotid?

A

Ophthalmic artery

18
Q

Name the branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A

Supratroachlear

Supraorbital

19
Q

Name the branches of the external carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid 
Ascending pharyngeal 
Lingual 
Facial 
Occipital 
Posterior auricular 
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
20
Q

Describe the blood supply scalp

A

Internal carotid

  • Supra orbital
  • Supra trochlear

External carotid

  • Superficial temporal
  • Posterior auricular
  • Occipital
21
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue - dense
Aponeurosis 
Loose CT 
Periosteum
22
Q

Where do the vessels of the scalp lie?

A

In the subcutaneous connective tissue layer

23
Q

Why can injury to the scalp cause profuse bleeding?

A
  • Walls of arteries closely attached to CT limits constriction
  • Numerous anastomoses
  • Opposing pull of occiptofrontalis
24
Q

Why does loss of scalp not lead to bone necrosis?

A

Blood supply to skull is from middle meningeal

25
Q

From what artery do most superficial arteries of the face arise?

A

External carotid

26
Q

Name two branches of the maxillary artery?

A

Middle meningeal

Sphenopalatine

27
Q

Describe the blood supply to the nasal septum

A

Anastomosis of arteries in Kisselbach area

Common site for nose bleed (sphenopalatine)

28
Q

What are the most important branches in Kisselbachs area?

A

Septal branch of sphenopalatine artery from the maxillary artery
Anterior ethmoidal arteries from ophthalmic artery

29
Q

Which foramina does the middle meningeal artery travel through?

A

Foramen spinosum

30
Q

How does infection from scalp spread to the cranial cavity and affect the meninges?

A

Veins of scalp connect to diploid veins though emissary veins and then to dural venous sinus
Emissary veins are valveless

31
Q

Do veins of the face have valves?

A

No

32
Q

What sinuses are the facial veins connected to?

A

Cavernous sinus

Pterygoid sinus

33
Q

What is the danger triangle of the face?

A

An area of face in which infections can spread through the venous system to the dural venous sinuses

34
Q

How do the sigmoid sinuses exit the skull?

A

Continue as IJV and leave through jugular foramen

35
Q

What is the IJV an indication of?

A

Pressure in the right atrium

36
Q

What is JVP measured in?

A

mmH2O

37
Q

How is JVP measured?

A

Height from sternal angle + 5cm

Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck (8 decks)

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