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Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck > 3.2 Lymphatic Drainage Of The Head And Neck > Flashcards

3.2 Lymphatic Drainage Of The Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Where are lymphatics not found?

A

Eyeball (cornea, lens)
Inner ear
Cartilage

(Used to think CNS too)

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2
Q

What makes up the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic tissues and organs eg lymph nodes
Drainage vessels -> Lymphatics
Fluid -> Lymph

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3
Q

Describe the pressures at the arterial end in the formation of tissue fluid?

A

Hydrostatic pressure > Oncotic pressure

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4
Q

Describe with pressures at the venue end in the formation of tissue fluid

A

Oncotic pressure > Hydrostatic pressure

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5
Q

What makes up lymph fluid?

A 
Tissue fluid plus..
Small proteins
Damaged cells
Bacteria 
Cancer cells
Lipids (specific to gut lymphatics)
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6
Q

How much lymphatic fluid does the body produce a day?

A

3-4L

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7
Q

What do the lymphatic vessels do?

A

Continuous removal of remaining tissue fluid (and macromolecules like proteins) from the extra cellular space back to the blood circulation via lymph nodes

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8
Q

What are some features of flow of the lymphatic system?

A

One directional flow
Low pressure
No central pump

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9
Q

Where is lymph drained to?

A

Venous circulation

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10
Q

What are the two lymphatic ducts called and where do they drain to?

A

Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct

Drain into subclavian veins

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11
Q

Define lymphoedema

A

Abnormal collection of protein-rich fluid causing tissue swelling due to compromised lymphatic system

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12
Q

What are some causes of lymphoedema?

A 
Removal or enlargement of lymph nodes
Infections 
Damage to lymphatic system (eg cancer treatments) 
Lack of limb movement 
Congenital
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13
Q

Name a congenital cause of lymphoedema

A

Milroy’s syndrome

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14
Q

Describe the connective tissue structure of lymph nodes

A

Tough fibrous outer capsule

Reticular connective tissue inside

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15
Q

Describe how lymph nodes provide defence against infection

A

All substances in lymph pass through at least one lymph node

Physical filter
Phagocytise filter
Full of lymphocytes

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16
Q

How do enlarged lymph nodes in response to infection feel?

A

Tender

Mobile

17
Q

How to enlarged lymph nodes due to malignancy feel?

A

Hard, matted

Non-tender

18
Q

What should be done if an enlarged lymph node is found?

A

Comprehensive history
Examine the area o tissue that it drains
Examine other lymph nodes and body systems if systemic disease/malignancy is suspected

19
Q

What are the two groups of lymph nodes?

A

Regional

Terminal

20
Q

What are regional lymph nodes?

A

Lymph nodes that drain specific areas

Superficial

21
Q

What are terminal lymph nodes?

A

Lymph nodes that receive drainage from a number of regional nodes

Deep

22
Q

In what regions of the body may lymph nodes be palpable?

A

Neck, armpit, diaphragm, spleen, abdominal, pelvic, groin

23
Q

What term describes enlarged lymph nodes?

A

Lymphadenopathy

24
Q

What is the most common cause of swelling in the neck?

A

Enlarged cervical lymph nodes

25
Q

What separates regional and terminal lymph nodes?

A

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia of neck

26
Q

Name the 7 superficial lymph nodes of head and neck

A 
Sub mental
Sub mandibular
Pre auricular 
Post auricular (mastoid) 
Occipital
Superficial EJV
Posterior EJV
Anterior EJV
27
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Annular collection of lymphatic tissue (nodules) surrounding the entrance to the aerodigestive tracts

Consists of the tonsils

28
Q

Which tonsils does Waldeyer’s ring consist of?

A

Pharyngeal
Tubal
Palatine
Lingual

29
Q

Which of the tonsils are also called the adenoids?

A

Pharyngeal

30
Q

Where can lymphatics from tonsils draining the upper pharynx drain into?

A

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

31
Q

Describe the position of the deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Deep to SCM

Closely related to IJV and carotid sheath

32
Q

Name the 3 deep cervical lymph nodes

A

Jugulo-digastric
Jugulo-omohyoid
Supraclavicular

33
Q

What do the supraclavicular lymph nodes do?

A

Oversee transport of lymph from thoracic cavity and abdomen

34
Q

Which node is also called Virchow’s node?

A

Left supraclavicular

35
Q

Where do the left and right supraclavicular lymph nodes drain from?

A

Left - Abdomen and thorax

Right - Mid section chest, oesophagus and lungs

36
Q

Which lymph node will be enlarged if someone has an ulcer on their lip?

A

Submental

37
Q

Which lymph node will be enlarged in conjunctivitis?

A

Pre auricular

38
Q

Are regional or terminal cervical lymph nodes more likely to be enlarged in cancer?

A

Deep

39
Q

What are the three main roles of the lymphatic system?

A

Remove excess fluid from interstitial space

Return small proteins and fluid that has leaked from capillaries

Immune defence and surveillance

Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck (8 decks)

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