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Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck > 6.1 Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

6.1 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls smooth muscle and glands

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2
Q

Describe the outflow of the sympathetic system?

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

T1-L2

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3
Q

Where can cell bodies of parasympathetic NS be found?

A

Lateral horn of grey matter of spinal cord

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4
Q

Describe the outflow of the parasympathetic NS

A

Craniosacral

Cranial 4
Sacral S2-4 = pelvic splanchnics

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5
Q

Where can cell bodies of parasympathetic NS be found?

A

Discrete collections of parasympathetic bodies in brainstem or within grey matter of sacral spinal cord

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6
Q

What are nuclei?

A

Discrete collections of parasympathetic cell bodies

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Partial ptosis
Constricted pupil
Anhidrosis

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8
Q

Why do you get partial ptosis in Horner’s syndrome?

A

Only lost the sympathetic innervation

Oculomotor nerve still innervating the bulk of the muscles

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9
Q

Why do you get a constricted pupil in Horner’s syndrome?

A

Lost the sympathetic effect of dilation

Miosis

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10
Q

What is the origin of sympathetic innervation?

A

Spinal cord T1-L2

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11
Q

Where are the important ganglia for sympathetic head and neck innervation?

A

Ganglia in cervical portion of sympathetic chain

  • Superior cervical ganglion
  • Middle cervical ganglion (neck and chest)
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12
Q

What do sympathetics of head and neck hitch hike on?

A

Blood vessels
- External and internal carotid

CN V
- Distally

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13
Q

What are the effector tissues of sympathetic innervation of head and neck?

A

Eye - Dilator pupillae
Eye lid - Superior tarsal muscle
Blood vessels
Sweat glands

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14
Q

What are the responses of sympathetic innervation to head and neck?

A

Pupil dilation
Assists lid retraction
Vasoconstriction
Sweating

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres from the brainstem?

A

Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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16
Q

Describe the route of parasympathetic innervation to head and neck

A 
Arise from brainstem from (4) parasympathetic nuclei 
Hitch hike on one of 4 CNs 
Ganglia - 4 
Hitch hike on branches of CN V 
Target tissue
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17
Q

What are some parasympathetic target tissues in the head and neck?

A 
Smooth muscle in the iris - constrictor 
Ciliary muscle - lens
Lacrimal gland 
Mucosal glands in nasal/oral mucosa and respiratory tract 
Salivary glands
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18
Q

Name the 4 parasympathetic nuclei

A

Edinger Westphal
Superior salivary
Inferior salivary
Dorsal motor

19
Q

Name the 4 parasympathetic ganglia

A

Ciliary
Submandibular
Pterygopalatine
Otic

20
Q

Describe the route of parasympathetic CN III

A 
EWN
Hitch hike CN III
Ciliary ganglion
Hitch hike CN Va 
Eye 
- Ciliary body (lens)
- Constrictor of the pupil
21
Q

Which nuclei is involved in pupillary light reflexes?

A

Edinger westphal nuclei (left and right)

22
Q

Describe the pupillary light reflex

A

Light in left pupil
Sensory afferent from left retina CN II
Some branches leave CN II to enter midbrain
Connection with EDW nuclei - left and right
Parasympathetic fibres from EDW leave brainstem
Hitch hike on CN III (left and right)
Pass via ciliary ganglion
Reach sphincter pupillae

23
Q

What is the pupillary response in the contralateral eye called?

A

Consensual light reflex

24
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves associated with CN III innervate?

A

Sphincter pupillae

25
Q

Which two main branches of the facial nerve arise within the petrous bone?

A

Greater petrosal nerve

Chorda tympani nerve

26
Q

What parasympathetic ganglia are associated with parasympathetics associated with CN VII?

A

Pterygopalatine

Submandibular

27
Q

Describe the course of chorda tympani

A

Submandibular ganglion ->
Hitch hikes on CN V ->
Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

28
Q

Describe the route of the greater petrosal nerve?

A

Pterygopalatine ->
Hitch hikes on branches of CN V ->
Lacrimal gland, nasal and oral mucosal glands

29
Q

What are some branches of CN IX?

A

Tympanic nerve - supplies sensory to middle ear

Lesser petrosal nerve

30
Q

Which ganglion is associated with parasympathetic CN IX?

A

Otic

31
Q

Where can the otic ganglion be found?

A

In infratemporal fossa

32
Q

What do post ganglionic parasympathetics of CN IX hitch hike on?

A

Branch of CN Vc

33
Q

What do parasympathetics of CN IX innervate?

A

Parotid gland

34
Q

Describe the parasympathetic route of CN IX

A 
Preganglionic parasympathetics from brainstem with CN IX 
Jugular foramen
Tympanic nerve 
Tympanic plexus 
Lesser petrosal nerve -> foramen ovale 
Otic ganglion 
Post ganglionic parasympathetics on CN Vc 
Parotid gland
35
Q

Describe the route of parasympathetic CN X

A

Medulla
Hitch hikes on CN X
Meets ganglion at or in target tissue
Target

36
Q

What are the target tissues of parasympathetics of CN X?

A

Glands in laryngopharynx, larynx
Glands and smooth muscle of oesophagus and trachea

Heart

Smooth muscle and glands within respiratory and GI tract

37
Q

What are the origins of parasympathetic NS in head and neck?

A

Brainstem

38
Q

Which nerves do parasympathetic of head and neck hitch hike on?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

39
Q

How do post ganglionics of parasympathetic head and neck reach effector organs?

A

Branches of CN V

Except CN X

40
Q

Name the parasympathetic ganglia

A

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
Submandibular
Otic

41
Q

What are the effector tissues of parasympathetic NS in head and neck?

A 
Eye (sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles)
Lacrimal glands
Mucosal glands
Salivary glands
Parotid gland
42
Q

What are the parasympathetic responses in head and neck?

A

Constrict pupil
Accommodation reflex - lens shape
Glandular secretions - salivary and mucosal
Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle in resp and digestive system

43
Q

What do parasympathetic fibres associated with CN IX innervate?

A

Parotid gland

44
Q

Post ganglionic parasympathetic fibres typically hitch hike with branches of the..

A

Trigeminal nerve

Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck (8 decks)

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