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Microbiology > Microbe Cellular Anatomy > Flashcards

Microbe Cellular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three shapes in microbes?

A

Coccus (cocci) round
Bacillus (bacilli) rods
Spiral/helical curved

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2
Q

What does ‘Strepto” mean?

A

a Chain

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3
Q

What does ‘Staphylo” mean?

A

Bunches

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4
Q

What does “diplo” mean?

A

pairs

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5
Q

What does “palisade” mean?

A

rods

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6
Q

What information does a gram stain provide?

A

Shape, Color, arrangement

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7
Q

In a gram stain what does blue and pink represent?

A

positive (b) negative (p)

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8
Q

What is the four step process of doing a gram stain?

A

Crystal Violet-30 seconds-rinse
Gram’s Iodine-30 seconds-rinse
Decolorizing Alcohol-10 dropsish-rinse
Pink counter stain-30 seconds-rinse

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9
Q

What is a mordant?

A

the locking mechanism

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10
Q

What makes up a prokaryotes cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer with mebedded protiens and is selectively permiable

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11
Q

What does a prokayrotes cell wall look like?

A

tough outter layer, mostly carbs with some protien, has peptidoglycan, and has a base layer of both G(-) and G(+) but different outter layers

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12
Q

What gram is penicillin more effective against?

A

G(+)

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13
Q

What does penicillin do to G(+)?

A

disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan which causes the cell wall to leak

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14
Q

What do some Gram (+) produce?

A

exotoxins which are the most toxic toxins to humans

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15
Q

What are three characteristics of Gram(+)?

A

Stains easily(hard to decolorize), more resistant to drying out, has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall with teichoic acid

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16
Q

which gram can you see light through?

A

G(+)

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17
Q

What are 6 characteristics of G(-)?

A
  1. Thin peptidoglycan base layer
  2. Outter phospholipid membrane with no teichoic acid
  3. harder to stain (easier to decolorize)
  4. more susceptable to drying
  5. resistant to penicillan
  6. some pierces of the outter layer can be toxic to humans
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18
Q

What is an endo toxin?

A

Toxin is part of the organism

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19
Q

Which gram prefers a moist environment?

A

G(-)

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20
Q

What is the glycocalyx?

A

A gel like substance surrounding some organisms

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21
Q

What could you call a thick gel-like substance covering an organism?

A

a capsule

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22
Q

what would you call a thin gel like substance covering an organism?

A

a slime layer

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23
Q

What is the glycocalyx used for?

A

used for attachment to surfaces for resisting phagocytosis (such as plaque)

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24
Q

The presence of what can make an organism pathogenic?

A

glycocalyx

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25
Q

what are three characteristics of the glycocalyx?

A

Hard to stain, prevents dehydration, and has antigenicity

26
Q

what is antigenicity?

A

causes antibody production by the host

27
Q

What contains all the cells genetic material and enzymes for metabolism?

A

cytoplasm

28
Q

what surrounds the cytoplasm?

A

cytoplasmic membrane

29
Q

Where are the enzymes bound in a cell?

A

the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane

30
Q

What are ribosomes for?

A

protein synthesis

31
Q

how many ribosomes are there per prokaryotic cell?

A

50

32
Q

What is plasmid?

A

small circular DNA strand that is separate from the main DNA strand and carries genes that change more frquently

33
Q

What is the R factor?

A

Carried by the plasmid, which are genes for transferable drug resistance

34
Q

What are flagella?

A

Hair like projections on the cell surface

35
Q

what are flagella made of?

A

protien

36
Q

What are flagella used for?

A

motility

37
Q

How do flagella move?

A

they propel

38
Q

Can flagella have antigens?

A

yes

39
Q

What are two things bacteria are good at?

A

adaptability and adjustiblility

40
Q

What are fimbrae?

A

simular to flagella but small and used for attachment, they can be antigenic

41
Q

What is E. Coli with fimbrae compared to without?

A

pathogenic

42
Q

What are pili?

A

longer, hollow fimbrae

43
Q

what are pili used for?

A

DNA exchange

44
Q

how many do each bacteria have?

A

1 or 2

45
Q

What are clostridium?

A

obligate anearobs

46
Q

What are endospores?

A

like inactive seeds that are very resistant and are released when vegetative cell dies

47
Q

What bacteria usually produce endospores?

A

G(+) rods baccillus, clostridium

48
Q

how long can endospores handle boiling?

A

1-2 hours

49
Q

when do endospores form?

A

when the environment becomes unfavorable

50
Q

do animals have cell walls?

A

no

51
Q

what kind of cell walls do plants have?

A

cellulose cell walls

52
Q

what kind of cell walls do fungi have?

A

chitin

53
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

The cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells that are not completely fluid buut have protien fibers

54
Q

how many ribosomes are in eukaryotic cells?

A

200-1000

55
Q

what are the flagella in eukaryotic cells?

A

same as prokaryote except larger with a whipe like motion and can be seen under a microscope

56
Q

What to prokaryotes have that eukaryotes do not?

A

pili and fimbrae

57
Q

what are cilia?

A

short flagella that useually have many that cover the cell membrane which are used like oars on a cell membrane

58
Q

what are cilia used for?

A

in the trachea and lungs they help move things up and out

59
Q

Does gram - or gram + have trichroic acid?

A

Gram +

60
Q

In the kingdom bacteria, what do prokaryotes have that archaea lack?

A

Peptidoglycan

Microbiology (22 decks)

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