23 - Family Influences Flashcards
Permissive parenting
Affectionate, lax, inconsistent discipline, encourage children’s impulses. -> Impulsive and aggressive children
Authoritative parenting
Allow some freedom, not intrusive, appropriate discipline, set limits -> energetic and friendly children
Authoritarian parenting
Rigid, power-assertive, harsh, unresponsive to needs -> conflicted and irritable children
Factors that affect parenting style
Marriage quality, depression, stress, personality, education, perspective-taking ability
Transactional socialization process
There are bidirectional influences between child behavior and parenting behavior over multiple timepoints. Child’s behavior causes parenting behavior causes child behavior…
Three kinds of coparenting
(1) Cooperative - cohesive, child-centered, harmony -> child with higher social competence, emotional func
(2) Hostile coparenting - parents compete for child’s attention and loyalty -> aggressive behavior
(3) Gatekeeping coparenting - imbalance in child care resulting from one parent controlling other’s access -> anxiety
* Note interactions are complex and interwoven with other influences
Sexual orientation and birth order
Seems that older siblings more likely to be homosexual
Parental changes with birth order
Parents are more anxious, obsessive, hyper-responsive with first child. More relaxed later. After birth of 2nd child relationship with 1st child changes to be more coercive
Sibling interactions and birth order
Older siblings learn from parents; younger learn from both parents and older siblings. Older siblings manage time of younger ones - can be protective/helpful or dominating. Siblings act as buffers for poor peer relationships
Family dynamics - working mothers
80% of kids with working moms say that they do not feel worse off than if their mother did not work. Children of working moms have more egalitarian gender views.
Effects of older parents
Parents over 30 are more responsible, positive, social with kids, engage in less physical play but are more verbally stimulating
Homosexual parents
No evidence that children in heterosexual fams have more or less problems than homosexual fams. Some high profile studies say they do but they are full of flaws.
Single parents
Children from single mom fams with more social and psych problems, insecure attachment. aggression. Moderating variables: lack of social support, less income, lower maternal age, less educated, ethnic minorities. Children with higher SES moms have less problem behavior. Father’s absence associated with early sexual activity
Effects of divorce
Children from divorced fams have more behavioral, social, emotional problems. Aggression, non-compliance, antisocial, depression, less self-esteem…Long term outcomes: less educational attainment, less stable marriages themselves, less intimacy with parents, lower psychological well-being, lower life expectancy
