24 - Cultural influences

Question 1

Early Socioemotional Cultural Diffs

Answer 1

Some early differences across cultures: Asian cultures less expressive in positive emotions, asian children express more negative emotions as babies

Question 2

Diffs in reactivity, regulation

Answer 2

Compared to American children, children from Taiwanese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Haitian parents classified as more intense, irritable, negative in mood during stress. Differences in behavioral inhibition, Asian kids stay closer to mom. Behavioral inhibition is associated with parental warmth and acceptance with Chinese parents but associated with coldness and punishment among Canadian. Differences in parental contact may be related to differences in self-regulation

Question 3

Individualistic vs Collectivistic

Answer 3

Argued that in individualistic countries, emphasis on compliance may infringe on child’s freedom (value autonomy, competition, self-actualization, dominance, emotion). In group-oriented culture, self-regulation as duty and indicator of competence (value interrelatedness, harmony, cooperation, empathy, accommodation, deference).

Question 4

Parenting reflects cultural norms

Answer 4

Asian families - emphasis on family unity, respect, family desires over own, obedience. More authoritarian and restrictive

Question 5

Nepalese study

Answer 5

Brahman value hierarchy and dominance. Tamang value equality, compassion, modesty, non-violence. Brahman show more anger while Tamang show more shame. Tamang rebuke angry children while Brahman support and coax to feel better. Tamang show nurturing to children who show shame.

Question 6

Variation in play

Answer 6

Children growing in developed countries play less, usually cause of household responsibilities. Other cultures place emphasis on schoolwork. Pretend play seems more valued in Western cultures.

Question 7

Prosocial behavior

Answer 7

Children from collectivist cultures more prosocial-cooperative. Viewed as obligatory, versus how in West viewed as choice.

Question 8

Aggressive Behaviors

Answer 8

Cultures that emphasize harmony have less aggression. In some societies, aggression is socially acceptable.

Question 9

Shyness and social competence

Answer 9

Shy children less accepted in West; in rural China, shyness is associated with positive outcomes